Angiogenin Levels and Their Association with Cardiometabolic Indices Following Vitamin D Status Correction in Saudi Adults

Abstract

Angiogenin (ANG), a multifunctional protein known to induce blood vessel formation, is a potential biomarker for cardiovascular diseases; however, whether it is affected by vitamin D supplementation is not known. This interventional study in vitamin D-deficient Saudi adults was designed to investigate it. A total of 100 vitamin D-deficient Saudi adults aged 30–50 years were randomly selected to undergo 6-month vitamin D supplementation. Circulating levels of fasting glucose, lipids, vitamin D, apolipoproteins (AI, AII, B, CI, CII, CIII, E, and H), and ANG were measured using commercially available assays at baseline and after six months. Overall, vitamin D levels increased significantly post intervention. With this, levels of apo-CIII and apo-E significantly increased (p-values of 0.001 and 0.009, respectively) with a significant parallel decrease in apo-B (p = 0.003). ANG levels were significantly positively associated with most apolipoproteins and inversely correlated with HDL-cholesterol. Post intervention, the changes in ANG levels were positively correlated with apo-E (r = 0.32; p < 0.01 in all subjects and r = 0.40; p < 0.05 in males). Vitamin D supplementation may modestly affect ANG levels. The association observed between ANG and apo-E is worthy of further investigation since both biomarkers have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders.

Improved HDL Cholesterol through Vitamin D Status Correction Substantially Lowers 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score in Vitamin D-Deficient Arab Adults

“…The participants in this 6-month vitamin D interventional study included apparently healthy Saudi adults with established vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D <50 nmol/L), randomly selected from the database of Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases (CBCD), as published earlier [ 18 , 30 ]. Participants who consented were clinically reassessed and those with type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, liver and kidney diseases, as well as those who reported use of vitamin D supplements at the time of recruitment were excluded from the study.…”

“…Sample size calculation was carried out based on data obtained from previous findings ascertaining the effects of 25(OH)D correction in HDL cholesterol levels [ 18 , 30 ]. G*Power was used to determine sample size given the effect size of 0.27 and power of 0.85.…”

Impact of Vitamin D Status Correction on Serum Lipid Profile, Carboxypeptidase N and Nitric Oxide Levels in Saudi Adults

“…Sample size calculation was carried out based on data obtained from previous findings ascertaining the effects of 25(OH)D correction [45,55]. G*Power was used to determine sample size given the effect size of 0.27 and the power of 0.85.…”