Angioleiomyoma of the extremities: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging with histopathological findings in 25 cases

Edo, Hiromi; Matsunaga, Ayano; Matsukuma, Susumu; Mikoshi, Ayako; Susa, Michiro; Horiuchi, Keisuke; Shinmoto, Hiroshi

doi:10.1007/s00256-021-03888-4

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Patients with the cavernous subtypes of ALM usually do not experience any pain (13). Edo et al (14) defined the low-or equal-intensity linear or branching structures on T2-weighted images as the 'dark reticular sign' by extracting the MRI features of ALM. The characteristic MRI manifestation is mainly observed in cases of cavernous ALM (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Edo et al (14) defined the low-or equal-intensity linear or branching structures on T2-weighted images as the 'dark reticular sign' by extracting the MRI features of ALM. The characteristic MRI manifestation is mainly observed in cases of cavernous ALM (14). Upon histopathological analyses, the frequency of concentric circles in the cavernous type and the proportion of desmin-negative expression were higher than those in the solid type (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediastinal cavernous angioleiomyoma: A case report and review of literature

Zuo

et al. 2022

Exp Ther Med

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Angioleiomyoma is a type of pericyte tumor with a benign biological behavior. It typically features proliferation of mature perivascular smooth muscle cells around blood vessels. Angioleiomyoma may be categorized into solid, cavernous or venous subtypes. Usually, it occurs in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, while the rare cavernous subtype is most common in the upper extremities. Only a small number of cases of angioleiomyoma located in the mediastinum have been reported to date. In addition, there are few reports of mediastinal angioleiomyoma described as a cavernous histopathological subtype. The present study reported a case of mediastinal angioleiomyoma presenting as an unusual cavernous histopathological subtype. The histopathological and immunohistochemical features, based on which a diagnosis of cavernous angioleiomyoma was confirmed, were desmin-and smooth muscle actin-positive expression in spindle tumor cells, as well as ETS-related gene (ERG)-and CD31-positive expression in vascular endothelial cells. Cavernous angioleiomyoma of the mediastinum rarely occurs in the clinical setting but should be considered as a differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediastinal cavernous angioleiomyoma: A case report and review of literature

Zuo

et al. 2022

Exp Ther Med

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“…The differential diagnosis for angioleiomyoma is broad and includes both benign and malignant entities such as schwannoma, glomus tumor and synovial sarcoma (11,22). In our opinion and experience, the most significant differential diagnosis is synovial sarcoma, and its small, well-circumscribed mass may give the wrong impression of a benign lesion by clinical examination and imaging.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A peripheral rim of low signal intensity can be seen on both T1-and T2-weighted images (10). A dark reticular sign on T2-weighted images appears to be a characteristic feature of angioleiomyoma (Figure 1B) (11). Contrast-enhanced MRI demonstrates prominent homogeneous and heterogeneous enhancement (Figure 1C).…”

Section: Radiologic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, echogenicity and vascularity can be variable for angioleiomyoma based on the histological subtypes (8). On MRI, the lesion is welldefined and displays isointense or slightly hyperintense relative to skeletal muscle on T1-weighted images (Figure 1A) and variable heterogeneous signal intensity on T2-weighted images (9)(10)(11)(12). A peripheral rim of low signal intensity can be seen on both T1-and T2-weighted images (10).…”

Section: Radiologic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Update on Clinicopathological, Imaging, and Genetic Features of Angioleiomyoma

Koga

Nishio

Kinoshita³

et al. 2023

CDP

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Angioleiomyoma is a benign, pericytic (perivascular) neoplasm that primarily occurs in the subcutis or dermis of the extremities. The lesion typically presents as a small, firm, slow-growing, painful nodule. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals the lesion to be a well-defined, round to oval mass with signal intensity similar to or slightly hyperintense to that of skeletal muscle on T1-weightwed sequences. A dark reticular sign on T2-weighted sequences appears to be a characteristic feature of angioleiomyoma. Prominent enhancement is usually seen after intravenous contrast. Histologically, the lesion consists of well-differentiated smooth muscle cells with many vascular channels. Based on vascular morphologies, angioleiomyoma is classified into three subtypes: solid, venous, and cavernous. By immunohistochemistry, angioleiomyoma is diffusely positive for smooth muscle actin and calponin and variably for h-caldesmon and desmin. Conventional cytogenetic studies have demonstrated relatively simple karyotypes characterized by one or few structural rearrangements or numerical aberrations. In addition, metaphase comparative genomic hybridization analyses have revealed recurrent loss of 22q and gain of Xq. Angioleiomyoma can be successfully treated with simple excision, with a very low recurrence rate. Knowledge of this peculiar neoplasm is important because it can mimic a variety of benign and malignant soft-tissue tumors. This review provides an updated overview of the clinical, radiological, histopathological, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic features of angioleiomyoma.

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