Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia during pregnancy: A study of three cases with a brief review of literature

Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia Located on the Forehead: A Possible Association with Oral Contraceptive Use?

“…Olsen and Helwig [3] observed a development of lesions in 4 patients and also an increase in nodular size of preexisting nodules in 1 patient during pregnancy and thus were the first to suggest an association with hyperestrogen states in the pathogenesis of ALHE. Since then, other cases of occurrence or recurrence or aggravation of ALHE during pregnancy have been reported in the literature [15-20]. By contrast, to the best of our knowledge, only 2 cases of ALHE occurring in patients with a history of contraceptive pill use have been described [15, 20, 21].…”

“…Since then, other cases of occurrence or recurrence or aggravation of ALHE during pregnancy have been reported in the literature [15-20]. By contrast, to the best of our knowledge, only 2 cases of ALHE occurring in patients with a history of contraceptive pill use have been described [15, 20, 21]. Resolution of lesions after discontinuation of contraceptive pills and decrease in size after pregnancy have also been described [15, 20].…”

Classic vs. C–H functionalization strategies in the synthesis of APIs: a sustainability comparison

“…In 2007, lapatinib was approved in combination with capecitabine and later, in 2013, the approval was extended to a chemotherapy-free combination with trastuzumab. Herein we cover a patented route of synthesis, 99 a cross-coupling based synthetic pathway 100 and a C–H functionalization strategy 101 toward the synthesis of lapatinib.…”

“…The patented procedure 99 (Scheme 36) relies on the initial iodination of 2-cyano-aniline ( E -factor: 26.5) followed by formamidine formation ( E -factor: 2.4) which undergoes subsequent acid-promoted aromatic nucleophilic substitution ( E -factor: 11.7) and a Suzuki–Miyaura reaction with borylated furfural ( E -factor: 73.8). The route of synthesis leads to 28 g of pure lapatinb (base) in a total reaction time of 45 h with an overall E -factor of 124.4.…”