Angiotensin converting enzyme I/D, angiotensinogen T174M-M235T and angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphisms in Turkish hypertensive patients

Abstract

A bstractEssential hypertension is a m ultifactorial disease in w hich genetic and envirom ental factors play an im portant role. These factors differ in each population. As there are no existing data for the Turkish population, w e investigated four Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) gene polym orphism s, the angiotensin converting enzym e (ACE), angiotensinogen (AG N) M 235T/T174M and angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C polym orphism in 109 hypertensive and 86 norm otensive Turkish subjects. Polym erase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragm ent Length Polym orphism (RFLP), and agarose gel electrophoresis tecniques w ere used to determ ine these polym orphism . The frequencies of person that carry ACE D allel (DD+ID) w as significantly higher in hypertensive group (99.1% ) than controls (80%) (P 0.000). M235T TT genotype was also found significantly higher in hypertensives than control group (20% vs 2.7% ; P 0.001). The frequency of AG N 174M allele w as higher in the hypertensive group than control subjects (8.76% vs 4.81% ). Frequency of ATR1 C allele (AC+CC genotypes) w as found higher hypertensives than controls (39.4% vs 25.9% ; P = 0.054). O ur results suggest that an interaction exists between the RAS genes and hypertension in Turkish population.

Analysis of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms in resistant hypertension

“…Comparative analysis also showed an increased frequency of 235-T and 344-T alleles as well as 235-TT and 344-TT genotypes in hypertensive individuals, as encountered in comparative gene-disease analysis (2,8) or in population studies (11)(12)(13)(14). The A4582C polymorphism has failed to reveal any correlation with hypertension in previous studies (23).…”

“…Most of these polymorphisms are involved in specific physiological imbalance (6)(7)(8). However, contradictory findings have been obtained for different populations (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). The inconsistencies presented in RAAS gene-association studies exemplify the challenges of distinguishing among complex multifactorial traits, such as hypertension, by single-locus analysis.…”

Recent Trends in Hypertension Genetics Research

“…The positive correlation between polymorphism M235T and AGT plasma concentration has been observed in different populations (Mettimano et al, 2001;Agachan et al, 2003;Yan et al, 2006). Allele AGT*235T shows linkage disequilibrium with a variant in the AGT-gene promoting area -a replacement of adenine by guanine in nucleotide 6 (-6A>G).…”

Human Longevity: Nature versus Nurture, Survival versus Mortality~!2010-04-29~!2010-06-30~!2010-08-31~!

“…In our study we expect that the number of survival in both gender will be similar, but as we observed that the deviations (differences between observed and expected), were different. When we compare the survival rate among both gender at age group (60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74) in 1995 vs. (73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87) in 2008, we observed more survival among males comparing to females (p=0.003), this means that the rate of mortality was higher among females, and the rate of survival was higher among males (p=0.003). Indeed, in 2008 we expected to have 86 males alive but we were surprised to find 108 males alive, in contrary we expected to have more females alive (157), but we only found 135 alive at 2008.…”

“…The deletion (D) allele of the insertion/deletion polymerphism of the ACE gene has been shown to be associated with a higher risk of CHD [72] and hypertension [73][74][75][76] even if other studies in contrary found no association with hypertension [77,78] Agarwal et al [79] In 2005, in a review of the genetics of human hypertension, listed a completely new set of 26 association studies, of which 12 published positive and 14 published negative results [79], subsequently, homozygosity for the deletion (D) allele was reported to be associated with myocardial infarction, especially in low-risk subjects [80].…”