Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Effectively and Directly Potentiate Superoxide Scavenging by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Iwamoto, Toshihiko; Yoshida, Noboru; Wakabayashi, Shigeo; Inukai, Yoshihisa; Matsutomo, Rika; Takanashi, Keishi; Nakamachi, Takashi; Takebayashi, Kohzo; Aso, Yoshimasa; Takahashi, Kiyoko

doi:10.1097/00000441-200505000-00002

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Experimental studies in both animals and humans have demonstrated that the ACE inhibitors and ARBs possess antioxidant effects 41,42 through their action on the AT 1 R and AT 2 R. ROS have been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, endothelial cell dysfunction, and microvascular permeability. Superoxide anion is the most potent member of ROS and is inactivated by superoxide dismutase, and both ACE inhibitors and ARBs have been shown to stimulate superoxide dismutase 43 . It is, therefore, quite possible that the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs on CV remodeling, LVH regression, HF, CV mortality, renal disease progression, and stroke prevention could be due in part to their antioxidant effects.…”

Section: Antioxidant Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Superoxide anion is the most potent member of ROS and is inactivated by superoxide dismutase, and both ACE inhibitors and ARBs have been shown to stimulate superoxide dismutase. 43 It is, therefore, quite possible that the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs on CV remodeling, LVH regression, HF, CV mortality, renal disease progression, and stroke prevention could be due in part to their antioxidant effects.…”

Section: Antioxidant Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pleiotropic Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Chrysant

2006

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are very effective and safe antihypertensive drugs. They exert their antihypertensive effect through blockage of the angiotensin II, type 1 receptor and quite possibly through stimulation by angiotensin II of the unoccupied type 2 receptor. Besides hypertension, the ARBs have been found recently to be of value in the treatment of heart failure and diabetic nephropathy. In addition, ARBs have emerged lately as being very effective and perhaps superior to other antihypertensive drugs in the prevention of de novo or recurrent strokes. Other actions that may account for their stroke-protective effects include their antiatherogenic, antidiabetic, antiplatelet aggregating, hypouricemic, and atrial antifibrillatory actions. All these actions make the ARBs a true pleiotropic class of drugs. Each of the foregoing effects will be discussed briefly in this concise review.

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Section: Antioxidant Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antioxidant Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pleiotropic Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Chrysant

2006

J of Clinical Hypertension

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Section: Prevention and Treatment Of Ckd In Type 2 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether the renoprotective effects of RAS inhibitors can be fully accounted for by BP reductions or whether other mechanisms are involved has not been clearly established. The most debated point is the role and real clinical relevance of ancillary mechanisms, such as the antinflammatory and antiproliferative effects exerted by RAS-active drugs, largely documented in cell and animal models 28,29 but not confirmed so far by large clinical trials. The evidence for a better effect of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in preventing macrovascular complications as compared with other drug classes is not strong, mainly for cerebrovascular disease, where calcium channel blockers, for any given BP level, seem to confer some advantage.…”

Section: Prevention and Treatment Of Ckd In Type 2 Diabetes Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology, Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Hypertensive Patient With Diabetes Mellitus

Solini

Ferrannini

2011

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The authors concisely review the main clinical issues arising in the management of the hypertensive patient with type 2 diabetes, in whom chronic kidney disease is prevalent and heralds increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Special attention is paid to the clinical meaning, relevance and limits of albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate, the two widely used markers of reduced kidney function during the course of chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension. The main therapeutic strategies involving blood pressure and glycemic control, treatment of dyslipidemia and improvement of lifestyle are discussed from the viewpoint of a general practitioner dealing with the clinical complexity of these patients

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“…The conditions for which the ARBs have shown benefit and their use is recommended by the JNC-7, 35 except for stroke, are listed in Table 5. Other beneficial effects of some of the ARBs include their; (a) antiatherogenic, 57,58 (b) antioxidant, 59 (c) antidiabetic, 60 (d) antiplatelet 61 and (e) atrial antifibrillatory effects. 62,63 All these effects of ARBs could contribute to their stroke protective effects independent of BP control.…”

Section: Treatment Indications Of Arbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of hypertension with olmesartan medoxomil, alone and in combination with a diuretic: an update

2007

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Olmesartan medoxomil is an angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker (ARB) that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolysed in the gut into its active metabolite, olmesartan (RNH-6270). Olmesartan is highly selective for the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1) to which it binds completely and insurmountably and has very little affinity for the other receptor subtypes AT2 and AT4. After oral administration, in animals and humans, it achieves a maximal blood drug concentration within a maximal time of approximately 2 h. It is then slowly eliminated in the urine and faeces. His half-life is approximately 13 h, which makes it suitable for once-daily administration. Olmesartan medoxomil given orally in single daily doses of 20-40 mg has demonstrated significant blood pressure (BP) lowering effects in hypertensive patients. A medline search for the preparation of this manuscript was conducted and revealed 128 references, from 2000 to 2007. Of these, only 16 well-designed prospective clinical trials were selected. The remaining were either animal studies, reviews or studies in progress. In well-designed clinical trials, olmesartan medoxomil has demonstrated similar antihypertensive actions to the other antihypertensive drugs, as well as other members of its class given the highest recommended doses. In addition, the BP lowering effect of olmesartan, like the other members of its class, is greatly enhanced in combination with a diuretic. Its safety profile is similar to the other ARBs and no different than placebo.

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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Effectively and Directly Potentiate Superoxide Scavenging by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

The Pleiotropic Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

The Pleiotropic Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Pathophysiology, Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Hypertensive Patient With Diabetes Mellitus

Treatment of hypertension with olmesartan medoxomil, alone and in combination with a diuretic: an update

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