Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

“…Clinical trials have consistently revealed that they are safe in the post-myocardial infarction period and, subsequently, with a very low risk of significant side effects. These records endorse the recommended role of ACEIs as first-line agents in cases with diabetes who are at a particularly high risk for cardiovascular consequences, including those peoples who previously had myocardial infarction, heart failure and kidney disease (Brown & Vaughan, 1998;Gerstein, 2000;Izzo & Weir, 2011;Helal & Lane, 2014).…”

Section: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Transdermal delivery of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and others for management of hypertension

et al. 2014

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Context: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are some of the most commonly prescribed medications for hypertension. Objective: Most of all conventional dosage forms of ARBs and ACEIs undergo extensive first-pass metabolism, which significantly reduces bioavailability. Majority of ARBs and ACEIs are inherently short acting due to a rapid elimination half-life. In addition, oral dosage forms of ARBs and ACEIs have many high incidences of adverse effects due to variable absorption profiles, higher frequency of administration and poor patient compliance. Methods: Many attempts have been made globally at the laboratory level to investigate the skin permeation and to develop transdermal therapeutic systems of various ARBs, ACEIs and other anti-hypertensives, to circumvent the drawbacks associated with their conventional dosage form. Results: This manuscript presents an outline of the transdermal research specifically in the area of ARBs, ACEIs and other anti-hypertensives reported in various pharmaceutical journals. Conclusion: The transdermal delivery has gained a significant importance for systemic treatment as it is able to avoid first-pass metabolism and major fluctuations of plasma levels typical of repeated oral administration. As we can experience from this review article that transdermal delivery of different ARBs and ACEIs improves bioavailability as well as patient compliance by many folds. In fact, the rationale development of some newer ARBs, ACEIs and other anti-hypertensives transdermal systems will provide new ways of treatment, circumventing current limitations for conventional dosage forms.

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“…The results of intravenous infusion of angiotensin I on blood pressure in the studied groups showed that induction of hypertension significantly increased response to dilute doses of angiotensin I. Angiotensin I does not have direct biological effects and it should be converted to angiotensin II by ACE to act its roles (32). Therefore, probable causes of these changes can be increasing of ACE activity and/or increasing of angiotensin II receptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Garlic Powder Effect on Plasma Renin Activity, and Cardiovascular Effects of Intravenous Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II in Normotensive and Hypertensive Male Rats

Vahidinia¹,

Heshmatian²,

Salehi³

et al. 2015

Avicenna J Med Biochem

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Background: Hypertension is amongst major health issues in developed countries, which results in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Garlic plays an important role in the reduction of hypertension. Objectives: The aim of the this study was to investigate the effect of consumption of garlic powder on blood pressure and renin angiotensin system in a nitric oxide deficiency hypertension model in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, thirty-two adult male Wistar rats (200 -250 g) were randomly divided to four groups as follows: normotensive, normotensive-garlic, hypertensive and hypertensive-garlic. Oral N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was used to induce hypertension. Normotensive-garlic and hypertensive-garlic groups were fed 900 mg of garlic powder daily by oral gavage for forty-five days. At the beginning of the experiments, systolic blood pressure was measured. Immediately after the end of the experimental procedure animals were anaesthetized by pentobarbital, blood samples were collected and, after injection of angiotensin I, angiotensin II and captopril, blood pressure was re-measured. Plasma renin activity was also measured. Results: At the beginning and at the end of experiments, systolic blood pressure was higher in the hypertensive groups than the normotensive group. However, at the end of the study, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were higher in the hypertensive groups than the normotensive group. Angiotensin I level was low in the normotensive group whereas plasma renin activity was high in the hypertensive group. After different doses of injection of angiotensin I and angiotensin II, mean arterial pressure was significantly increased in the normotensive-garlic and the hypertensive-garlic groups, respectively. By using captopril, mean arterial pressure and its changes were not significant after injection of different doses of angiotensin I in different groups. Conclusions: Garlic powder consumption can reduce blood pressure, yet in this model, it did not have an effect on the interaction between renin angiotensin system and nitric oxide inhibition.

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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Cited by 100 publications

References 94 publications

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Triple Therapy (Ramipril, Telmisartan, Hydrochlorothiazide) Vs Dual Anti Hypertensive Therapy (Ramipril or Telmisartan, Hydrochlorothiazide) in Stage 2 Hypertensive Patients

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Triple Therapy (Ramipril, Telmisartan, Hydrochlorothiazide) Vs Dual Anti Hypertensive Therapy (Ramipril or Telmisartan, Hydrochlorothiazide) in Stage 2 Hypertensive Patients

Transdermal delivery of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and others for management of hypertension

Garlic Powder Effect on Plasma Renin Activity, and Cardiovascular Effects of Intravenous Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II in Normotensive and Hypertensive Male Rats

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