Angiotensin II‐induced micro RNA‐21 culprit for non‐small‐cell lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Lung cancer is among the most complicated cancers, with an estimated 1.6 million deaths each year for both men and women. However, the proportion of lung cancer patients in developing nations has increased from 31% to 49.9% in the last two decades. There are two main subtypes of lung cancer, small‐cell lung carcinoma and non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), accounting for 15% and 85% of all lung cancer, respectively. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer in smokers and nonsmokers in men and women regardless of their age. Chemicals in cigarette smoke and nicotine enter our bloodstream and can then affect the entire body and finally lead to the activation of several important, pro‐survival signaling pathways. The biologically active peptide of RAAS on overstimulation enhance Ang II mediates cell proliferation, fibrosis and inflammatory effects via AT1 receptor. Very few studies highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs with the EGFR‐regulated miRNA‐21.

The Effect of Local Renin Angiotensin System in the Common Types of Cancer

“…Ang II was found to promote lung cancer progression through Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) transactivation, which activates the MEK/ERK pathway, or through AT1R activation, which upregulates micro RNA-21 (miRNA-21)an oncogeneto stimulate the PI3K/AKT pathway through phosphatase and tensin homologa tumour suppressorinhibition. In addition, miRNA-21 was found to be associated with short disease-free survival and short overall survival in NSCLC patients, subsequently leading to the suggestion that utilising the silencing of miRNA-21 as a potential lung cancer therapy needs more investigation (117).…”