Angiotensinogen in Cerebrospinal Fluid Corresponds Chromatographically to the γ‐Form of Plasma Angiotensinogen

Moffett, Robert Bruce

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb00970.x

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…In dog brain, ϳ95% of recovered angiotensinogen has been reported to be extracellular (466), and Thomas et al (709) have demonstrated the distribution of angiotensinogen in the rat brain by immunocytochemistry. This is supported by findings that the cerebrospinal fluid of dog and rat contains considerable amounts of angiotensinogen (455,609).…”

Section: Central Nervous Systemsupporting

confidence: 58%

Physiology of Local Renin-Angiotensin Systems

Paul

Mehr²,

Kreutz³

2006

Physiological Reviews

1,512

1,371

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Since the first identification of renin by Tigerstedt and Bergmann in 1898, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been extensively studied. The current view of the system is characterized by an increased complexity, as evidenced by the discovery of new functional components and pathways of the RAS. In recent years, the pathophysiological implications of the system have been the main focus of attention, and inhibitors of the RAS such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin (ANG) II receptor blockers have become important clinical tools in the treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy. Nevertheless, the tissue RAS also plays an important role in mediating diverse physiological functions. These focus not only on the classical actions of ANG on the cardiovascular system, namely, the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis, but also on other functions. Recently, the research efforts studying these noncardiovascular effects of the RAS have intensified, and a large body of data are now available to support the existence of numerous organ-based RAS exerting diverse physiological effects. ANG II has direct effects at the cellular level and can influence, for example, cell growth and differentiation, but also may play a role as a mediator of apoptosis. These universal paracrine and autocrine actions may be important in many organ systems and can mediate important physiological stimuli. Transgenic overexpression and knock-out strategies of RAS genes in animals have also shown a central functional role of the RAS in prenatal development. Taken together, these findings may become increasingly important in the study of organ physiology but also for a fresh look at the implications of these findings for organ pathophysiology.

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Section: Central Nervous Systemsupporting

confidence: 58%

Physiology of Local Renin-Angiotensin Systems

Paul

Mehr²,

Kreutz³

2006

Physiological Reviews

1,512

1,371

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System And Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

Veerasingham

Leenen

1998

Progress in Experimental Cardiology

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Tissue renin-angiotensin systems: new insights from experimental animal models in hypertension research

et al. 2001

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Renin was first isolated in the kidney by Tigerstedt and Bergman over 100 years ago. Almost 50 additional years were necessary to isolate the renin substrate angiotensinogen and to show its cleavage to angiotensin (Ang). Further studies were then needed to demonstrate that Ang I is converted via an angiotensin-converting enzyme to Ang II. The circulating renin-angiotensin system, with blood pressure regulatory and aldosterone stimulatory roles, served well for decades. However, more recent information on Ang II and its action in terms of cell proliferation, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia as well as immune-modulatory and even intracellular functions, have focused attention on local Ang II generation and effects. These investigations necessarily began in the kidney, but quickly moved to other organs including the brain, heart, adrenal gland, and vessel wall and formed the basis for the concept of independent tissue renin-angiotensin systems. Both renin and Ang II have even been implicated in intracellular activities. This review presents some selected aspects of the historical development of this concept and summarizes discoveries relying primarily on animal models which demonstrate that Ang II is generated locally and acts in tissues as a local peptidergic system. Comprehensiveness in such an endeavor is not possible. We focus largely on work from our own group, not because the work is necessarily worthy of such scrutiny but rather because of our own familiarity with the contents.

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Angiotensinogen in Cerebrospinal Fluid Corresponds Chromatographically to the γ‐Form of Plasma Angiotensinogen

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Physiology of Local Renin-Angiotensin Systems

Physiology of Local Renin-Angiotensin Systems

The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System And Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

Tissue renin-angiotensin systems: new insights from experimental animal models in hypertension research

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