“…When s = 2, the system can be called a diacetylene coupled polydiacetylene ladder (DACPDAL, 40 ), which is the only one that has been obtained experimentally so far . This system has also been extensively studied by a series of spectroscopic techniques. − The properties of the ladder can be further tuned by substitutions at the side group R. Generally, one would expect that the couplings through the oligoyne units add extra conjugation pathways for these ladder polymers, relative to the parent pair of PDAs . This coupling would be qualitatively different from the case of polyacene, as discussed before, because in that case the frontier orbitals are localized on the edge carbons.…”