Angular momentum conservation and core superfluid dynamics for the pulsar J1734‐3333

Abstract

Pulsars emit pulsed radiation at well-defined frequencies. In the canonical model, a pulsar is assumed to be a rotating, highly magnetized sphere made mostly of neutrons that has a magnetic dipole misaligned with respect to its rotation axis, which would be responsible for the emission of the observed pulses. The measurement of the pulse frequency and its first two derivatives allows the calculation of the braking index, n. One limitation of the canonical model is that, for all pulsars, it yields n = 3, a result that does not correspond to observational values of n. In order to contribute to the solution of this problem, we proposed a model for pulsars' rotation frequency decay assuming that the star's total moment of inertia would vary with time due to mass motions inside the core. As a result, we found that the pulsar J1734-3333 has total angular momentum practically conserved, a phenomenon that we explain by relating the motion of neutron superfluid vortices in the core to torques associated with radiation emission.

Thermalization of Light’s Orbital Angular Momentum in Nonlinear Multimode Waveguide Systems

“…In settings with a continuous rotational symmetry, Noether's theorem [1,2] dictates that this quantity is conserved, an aspect that governs both the macroscopic and microscopic behaviors of a multitude of physical systems. These could range from the dynamics of spiral galaxies [3], pulsars [4] and neutron stars to the intriguing properties of quantum vortices in superfluids [5] and rotating atomic clouds [6][7][8]. That fact that the electromagnetic field carries spin and/or orbital angular momentum (OAM) was recognized early on with the advent of Maxwell's electrodynamics [9,10].…”

Thermalization of light's orbital angular momentum in nonlinear multimode waveguide systems

“…In settings with a continuous rotational symmetry, Noether's theorem [1,2] dictates that this quantity is conserved, an aspect that governs both the macroscopic and microscopic behaviors of a multitude of physical systems. These could range from the dynamics of spiral galaxies [3], pulsars [4] and neutron stars to the intriguing properties of quantum vortices in superfluids [5] and superconductors. That fact that the electromagnetic field carries spin and/or orbital angular momentum (OAM) was recognized early on with the advent of Maxwell's electrodynamics [6,7].…”