“…Dampened striatal responding while anticipating incentives is observed in ADHD, CD, SUDs, ASPD, unipolar depression, and nonsuicidal self-injury (Forbes et al, 2006;Holz et al, 2017;Kolla et al, 2015;Luijten, Schellekens, Kühn, Machielse, & Sescousse, 2017;Plichta & Scheres, 2014;Sauder, Derbidge, & Beauchaine, 2016; see also Beauchaine & Hinshaw, 2020;Forbes & Dahl, 2012;Zisner & Beauchaine, 2016 for recent reviews). Striatal under-responding, which is determined by both heritable and environmental influences (Birn, Roeber, & Pollak, 2017;Stokes et al, 2012), is a likely mechanism of negative emotionality/affectivity and the anhedonic, irritable mood state that cuts across the internalizing and externalizing spectra (see Beauchaine & Constantino, 2017;Beauchaine, Klein, Knapton, & Zisner, 2019;Beauchaine & Tackett, 2020;Laakso et al, 2003). Smaller striatal volumes are also observed in both internalizing and externalizing disorders (e.g., Matsuo et al, 2008;Wallace et al, 2014).…”