Anhydrit und Gips - ihre Verteilung im Mittleren Muschelkalk nördlich von Heilbronn

Friedel, Gerhard; Schweizer, Volker

doi:10.1127/jmogv/73/1991/187

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Spatial snowmelt gradients exert strong controls on species distributions in alpine vegetation [63][64][65][66]. Likewise, they can influence the spatial distribution of successful tree seedling establishment, as found, e.g., for mountain birch in Sweden [67] and conifers in the Alps and Rocky Mountains [17,68], and as commonly recognized by forestry practitioners in the Alps [69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The same is true for mountain ranges with shorter snow-cover duration and for landscape positions with little snow cover or high melting rates. At treeline elevation in the European Alps, inter-annual variation in snowmelt timing can be up to a month [64] and the difference between landscape positions can be up to four months [63]. In situations with relatively early natural snowmelt, a shorter snow-cover duration may have stronger negative effects on tree seedlings, as emergence occurs during climatically more stressful times of the year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses of Tree Seedlings near the Alpine Treeline to Delayed Snowmelt and Reduced Sky Exposure

Bader

Loranger

Zotz

et al. 2017

Forests

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Earlier snowmelt changes spring stress exposure and growing-season length, possibly causing shifts in plant species dominance. If such shifts involve trees, this may lead to changes in treeline position. We hypothesized that earlier snowmelt would negatively affect the performance of tree seedlings near the treeline due to higher spring stress levels, but less so if seedlings were protected from the main stress factors of night frosts and excess solar radiation. We exposed seedlings of five European treeline tree species: Larix decidua, Picea abies, Pinus cembra, Pinus uncinata, and Sorbus aucuparia to two snow-cover treatments (early and late melting, with about two weeks difference) combined with reduced sky exposure during the day (shading) or night (night warming), repeated in two years, at a site about 200 m below the regional treeline elevation. Physiological stress levels (as indicated by lower Fv/Fm) in the first weeks after emergence from snow were higher in early-emerging seedlings. As expected, shade reduced stress, but contrary to expectation, night warming did not. However, early-and late-emerging seedlings did not differ overall in their growth or survival, and the interaction with shading was inconsistent between years. Overall, shading had the strongest effect, decreasing stress levels and mortality (in the early-emerging seedlings only), but also growth. A two-week difference in snow-cover duration did not strongly affect the seedlings, although even smaller differences have been shown to affect productivity in alpine and arctic tundra vegetation. Still, snowmelt timing cannot be discarded as important for regeneration in subalpine conditions, because (1) it is likely more critical in very snow-rich or snow-poor mountains or landscape positions; and (2) it can change (sub)alpine vegetation phenology and productivity, thereby affecting plant interactions, an aspect that should be considered in future studies.

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