Anhydrous proton conductivities of squaric acid derivatives

Abstract

In this communication, we introduce squaric acid derivatives as anhydrous proton conductors. We report the synthesis, characterization and proton conductivities of four squaric acid derivatives. The anhydrous proton conductivity of one of the derivatives was 2.3 × 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 110 °C, comparable to the conductivity of molten 1H-1,2,3-triazole or 1H-imidazole.

Non-humidified proton conduction between a Lewis acid–base pair

“…Here, ''acid'' is a Brønsted acid to enhance the proton concentration and ''base'' is an amphoteric N-heterocycle, such as 1H-1,2,3-triazole and 1H-imidazole, to accept protons. [6][7][8][9] In contrast to Brønsted acids, Lewis acids have rarely been considered for proton conduction. [3][4][5] Water, caught by a Lewis acid, can dissociate a proton and become a proton acceptor after dissociation, whereas a strong acid, usually used as the PEFC electrolyte, hardly accepts a proton, even after dissociation.…”

Squaramides as Bioisosteres in Contemporary Drug Design

“…3,4 theoretical studies until around the turn of the 21st century, when the adoption of squarate derivatives, and squaramides in particular, entered mainstream use following the development of more convenient synthetic methodologies. 5,6 Accordingly, these derivatives have emerged as useful chemical entities across a number of applications, including organocatalysis, 7 materials chemistry, 8,9 biosensors, 10,11 bioconjugate linkers, 12 anion sensing polymers, 13,14 dyes, 15 and in the development of novel drug candidates. 5 In 2011, Storer et al 5 published a compelling overview of the synthesis, physical properties, and broader utility of squaramides.…”

Triazole‐Modified Molybdenum Oxide with High Proton Conductivity

“…[1][2][3][4] Proton-exchange membrane (PEM) is the core component of PEMFCs. [5] Nafion, a type of perfluorosulfonated copolymer [6] containing terminal sulfonic acid groups, is the commercial PEM, which has high proton conductivity under high humidity conditions. [7] Nevertheless, the high manufacturing cost of Nafion and its narrow working temperature range restrict its extensive uses.…”

“…Proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as a clean energy resource have aroused extensive attention due to their efficient energy conversion with water as the only byproduct during reaction process . Proton‐exchange membrane (PEM) is the core component of PEMFCs . Nafion, a type of perfluoro‐sulfonated copolymer containing terminal sulfonic acid groups, is the commercial PEM, which has high proton conductivity under high humidity conditions .…”