Animal and Human Vaccines against West Nile Virus

Saiz, Juan-Carlos

doi:10.3390/pathogens9121073

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(48 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…No specific drug or therapy is currently licensed to treat WNV infections [27,28]. While there is no approved vaccine for humans to date [29,30], three vaccines are approved in Europe for the vaccination of horses. The licensed vaccines contain a West Nile recombinant canarypox virus [31], a chimeric yellow fever-West Nile vector [32], or inactivated West Nile virus [33], respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Equine West Nile Virus Infections in Eastern Germany, 2020

Ganzenberg

Sieg

Ziegler

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

West Nile virus (WNV) infections were first detected in Germany in 2018, but information about WNV seroprevalence in horses is limited. The study’s overall goal was to gather information that would help veterinarians, horse owners, and veterinary-, and public health- authorities understand the spread of WNV in Germany and direct protective measures. For this purpose, WNV seroprevalence was determined in counties with and without previously registered WNV infections in horses, and risk factors for seropositivity were estimated. The cohort consisted of privately owned horses from nine counties in Eastern Germany. A total of 940 serum samples was tested by competitive panflavivirus ELISA (cELISA), and reactive samples were further tested by WNV IgM capture ELISA and confirmed by virus neutralization test (VNT). Information about potential risk factors was recorded by questionnaire and analyzed by logistic regression. A total of 106 serum samples showed antibodies against flaviviruses by cELISA, of which six tested positive for WNV IgM. The VNT verified a WNV infection for 54 samples (50.9%), while 35 sera neutralized tick-borne encephalitis virus (33.0%), and eight sera neutralized Usutu virus (7.5%). Hence, seroprevalence for WNV infection was 5.8% on average and was significantly higher in counties with previously registered infections (p = 0.005). The risk factor analysis showed breed type (pony), housing in counties with previously registered infections, housing type (24 h turn-out), and presence of outdoor shelter as the main significant risk factors for seropositivity. In conclusion, we estimated the extent of WNV infection in the resident horse population in Eastern Germany and showed that seroprevalence was higher in counties with previously registered equine WNV infections.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Equine West Nile Virus Infections in Eastern Germany, 2020

Ganzenberg

Sieg

Ziegler

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Approximately 80% of infections in humans are asymptomatic while the rest may develop mild or severe disease of neuroinvasive nature and potentially death 6 . There are currently no licensed vaccines nor antiviral treatments for humans 3 , 7 , but four licensed vaccines are on the market for use in equines 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile virus transmission potential in Portugal

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is unclear whether West Nile virus (WNV) circulates endemically in Portugal. Despite the country’s adequate climate for transmission, Portugal has only reported four human WNV infections so far. We performed a review of WNV-related data (1966–2020), explored mosquito (2016–2019) and land type distributions (1992–2019), and used climate data (1981–2019) to estimate WNV transmission suitability in Portugal. Serological and molecular evidence of WNV circulation from animals and vectors was largely restricted to the south. Land type and climate-driven transmission suitability distributions, but not the distribution of WNV-capable vectors, were compatible with the North-South divide present in serological and molecular evidence of WNV circulation. Our study offers a comprehensive, data-informed perspective and review on the past epidemiology, surveillance and climate-driven transmission suitability of WNV in Portugal, highlighting the south as a subregion of importance. Given the recent WNV outbreaks across Europe, our results support a timely change towards local, active surveillance.

show abstract

“…In this regard, a study carried out in Southern Italy concluded that vaccines used do not alter the overall hemogram picture and health status of horses though it is associated with modulation of humoral immunity, leukocyte populations, and inflammatory markers [ 24 ]. Contrariwise, to date, no vaccine is available for human [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]: Even though several vaccines targeting flaviviruses (e.g., TBE, yellow fever, Dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and Kyasanur forest disease) have been made available, none has been licensed for the use against WNV infection [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Moreover, none of the vaccine candidates has progressed further than to phase I/II clinical trial [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Perceptions on Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for West Nile Virus Infections: A Survey from an Endemic Area in Northern Italy

Riccò

Peruzzi

Balzarini³

2021

TropicalMed

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the last decade, cases of West Nile Virus (WNV) have occurred in the Emilia Romagna Region (ERR). Even though the notification rates remain relatively low, ranging from 0.06 to 1.83 cases/100,000 inhabitants, the persistent pathogen’s circulation in settings characterized by favorable environmental characteristics suggests that WNV is becoming endemic to the Po River Valley. This study assesses knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices toward WNV prevention among residents from 10 high-risk municipalities from the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia (total population: 82,317 inhabitants, census 2020). A web-based survey, based on the health belief model, was performed during the month of January 2021, with a convenience sampling of 469 participants from a series of closed discussion groups on social media (i.e., 2.1% of the potential responders). A total of 243 participants knew the meaning of WNV: Of them, 61.3% were aware of previous WNV infections in ERR, 76.5% acknowledged WNV infection as a severe one, but only 31.3% expressed any worry about WNV. Our results irregularly report preventive practices, either collective (e.g., draining standing water from items and the environment, 50.7%; spraying pesticides around the home, 33.0%) or individual (e.g., use of skin repellants when going outdoors, 42.6%). In a multivariate analysis, performed through binary logistic regression, participants reporting any worry towards WNV were more likely to characterize WNV as a severe disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 20.288, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.083–80.972). On the contrary, respondents supporting community mosquito control programs were more likely among people working with animals/livestock (aOR = 13.948, 95%CI = 2.793–69.653), and supporting tax exemptions for mosquito control programs (aOR = 4.069, 95%CI 2.098–7.893). In conclusion, our results suggest that future interventions promoting WNV prevention among residents in ERR should focus on perceptions of vulnerability to WNV, emphasizing the benefits of personal protective behaviors.

show abstract

Animal and Human Vaccines against West Nile Virus

Cited by 36 publications

References 41 publications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Equine West Nile Virus Infections in Eastern Germany, 2020

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Equine West Nile Virus Infections in Eastern Germany, 2020

West Nile virus transmission potential in Portugal

Public Perceptions on Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for West Nile Virus Infections: A Survey from an Endemic Area in Northern Italy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About