Animal as Reservoir of Fungal Diseases (Zoonoses?)

Blanco, José Luis Santiago; García, Marta E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12173-9_3

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…alassezia pachydermatis is a lipophilic but non-lipid-dependent basidiomycetous yeast which thrives on the skin of most warm-blooded vertebrates (1)(2)(3). Although generally regarded as a commensal microorganism, M. pachydermatis can become pathogenic under the influence of diverse factors, leading to different clinical forms of dermatitis and/or otitis, mainly in small animals (1,2,4).…”

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“…Although generally regarded as a commensal microorganism, M. pachydermatis can become pathogenic under the influence of diverse factors, leading to different clinical forms of dermatitis and/or otitis, mainly in small animals (1,2,4). Systemic infections caused by this yeast species are only rarely encountered, but some outbreaks of fungemia have been reported in intensive care nurseries (5,6).…”

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In Vitro Amphotericin B Susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis Determined by the CLSI Broth Microdilution Method and Etest Using Lipid-Enriched Media

Álvarez‐Pérez

Blanco

Peláez

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We determined the in vitro amphotericin B susceptibility of 60 Malassezia pachydermatis isolates by the CLSI broth microdilution method and the Etest using lipid-enriched media. All isolates were susceptible at MICs of <1 g/ml, confirming the high activity of amphotericin B against this yeast species. Overall, the essential agreement between the tested methods was high (80% and 96.7% after 48 h and 72 h, respectively), and all discrepancies were regarded as nonsubstantial. Malassezia pachydermatis is a lipophilic but non-lipid-dependent basidiomycetous yeast which thrives on the skin of most warm-blooded vertebrates (1-3). Although generally regarded as a commensal microorganism, M. pachydermatis can become pathogenic under the influence of diverse factors, leading to different clinical forms of dermatitis and/or otitis, mainly in small animals (1, 2, 4). Systemic infections caused by this yeast species are only rarely encountered, but some outbreaks of fungemia have been reported in intensive care nurseries (5, 6). Notably, in one such outbreak, the introduction of the yeast into a nursery was linked to its possible zoonotic transmission from colonized pet dogs to the health care workers' hands, with further spread of the microorganism in the unit through person-to-person contact (5).Antifungal susceptibility testing of Malassezia species remains a challenge, as their growth is not supported (or, in the case of M. pachydermatis, only poorly supported) on the standard lipid-free RPMI growth medium recommended for yeast testing by the CLSI and EUCAST (6-8). A variety of alternative procedures, most of which use lipid-enriched media, have been proposed, but published studies have mainly focused on M. pachydermatis susceptibility to ketoconazole, itraconazole, and other azole derivatives (e.g., 8-17). On the contrary, information on the in vitro susceptibility of M. pachydermatis isolates to the polyene amphotericin B, which is commonly used for treating bloodstream infections in human patients (5-7), is scarcer; the available studies were based on a single method and/or a low number of isolates (see Table 1), so the reliability of their results cannot be adequately assessed.The aim of this study was to expand the database of MIC values to amphotericin B for M. pachydermatis isolates, as determined by two different procedures using lipid-enriched media, (i) a modified broth microdilution (BMD) method based on CLSI guidelines (18) and (ii) the Etest, which is a commercial agar-based gradient technique that is widely used for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts.Isolates. A total of 60 Malassezia pachydermatis isolates obtained from clinical cases of canine otitis and primarily recovered in Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) containing 0.005% chloramphenicol (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) were included in this study. They were identified as M. pachydermatis on the basis of their macroscopic and microscopic morphologies and their ability to grow on media without lipid supplementation, such as SDA, at 32°C (19)...

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Amphotericin B Susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis Determined by the CLSI Broth Microdilution Method and Etest Using Lipid-Enriched Media

Álvarez‐Pérez

Blanco

Peláez

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Malassezia pachydermatis is a lipophilic and nonlipiddependent basidiomycetous yeast which has been recognised as a member of the normal skin biota of warmblooded animals. 1,2,3 Although M. pachydermatis is a commensal organism of the skin, 4 it may become pathogenic if associated with dermatological disorders (e.g. atopic dermatitis, cornification defects).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro activity of lactoferricin solution against Malassezia pachydermatis from otitis externa in dogs and cats

Corona¹,

Vercelli²,

Bruni³

et al. 2021

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Malassezia pachydermatis is a commensal organism of the skin, yet it may induce dermatitis and/or otitis. Lactoferricin (Lfcin) is an antimicrobial peptide obtained by the pepsin-mediated digestion of lactoferrin, a multifunctional innate-defence milk protein. The antibacterial activity of Lfcin is thought to cause alteration of bacterial membrane permeability, thus inducing cell death.Objectives -The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of different dilutions of Lfcin solution against M. pachydermatis strains isolated from ears of dogs and cats with otitis externa.Methods and materials -Fifty clinical Malassezia isolates from 40 dogs and 10 cats were tested. A dilution method in microtitre plates was used starting with a 20% Lfcin water solution. The different dilutions were 2:1 (13.3%), 1:1 (10%), 1:2 (6.7%), 1:5 (3.3%) and 1:10 (1.8%). Results were expressed as the value at which the growth of 50% (minimal fungicidal concentration MFC 50 ) and 90% (MFC 90 ) of yeast cells was inhibited.Results -All strains showed susceptibility to 20% Lfcin solution (100%). With 1:5 and 1:10 dilutions corresponding to 3.3% and 1.8% Lfcin solutions, all strains showed resistance. The MFC 50 and MFC 90 values were observed at 13.3% and 20% Lfcin solutions.Conclusions and clinical relevance -The results indicated that Lfcin solution exhibits the antimicrobial activity specific to antimicrobial peptides. In particular, the 20% solution can be effective in killing M. pachydermatis isolated strains. Some susceptibilities also are evident at lower concentrations of ≤6.7% for four strains.

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“…Keratin, the essential protein of wool and other animal coats support growth of several microorganisms including fungi [4]. Keratin enhance the growth of the dermatophytes as well as the keratinophilic nondermatophytes, therefore animal coats were regarded as a source of different infectious fungi [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hygienic Importance of Fungi Colonizing the Sheep Wool in Erbil/Iraq

Sm¹

2018

Virol Mycol

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Aims:The study was conducted to identify a non-dermatophytic fungi associated with wool hairs in Erbil city. The common and dominate fungal genera were recorded, as well as the hygienic importance of all isolates were reviewed.Materials and Methods: Wool samples were collected during February 2017. Pieces of wool hair were cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Cultured plates were incubated in room temperature. The growing fungi were counted and were identified microscopically. The occurrence % (O%), and the frequency of occurrence % (FQ%) for the identified genera were calculated.Results: A 22 fungal isolates belong to 16 genera beside one isolate of Actinomycetes were recognized. The Hyphomycetes represented in (10 genera 62.5%), they were (Alternaria, Aspergillus (5 sp), Scytelidium, Chrysosporium, Curvelaria, Cladosporium, Penecilium, Scpulariopsis, Fusarium and Ulocladium. Two genera belong to each of Ascomycetes and Zygomycetes (12.5%) include (Chaetomium, Pseudallescheria) and (Mucor, Rhizopus) respectively Basidiomycetes and Coelomycetes represent one genus (6.25%), they were Rhodotorula and phoma. Aspergillus showed the highest O% and FO% (88%; 32.9%) followed by Cladosporium (36%; 13.8%). Conclusion:The results showed that: 1-Hyphomycetes is predominant and Aspergillus is the common genus. 2-All the recorded fungi had an effects on human health. According to the previous studies their infections ranging from mild skin mycoses to serious deep infections. 3-A 81.25% of the recorded fungal genera in this study were previously isolated from upper respiratory tract of individuals have asthma and allergic symptoms in Iraq. 4-It is the first recorded of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from wool samples in Iraq.

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Animal as Reservoir of Fungal Diseases (Zoonoses?)

Cited by 8 publications

References 104 publications

In Vitro Amphotericin B Susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis Determined by the CLSI Broth Microdilution Method and Etest Using Lipid-Enriched Media

In Vitro Amphotericin B Susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis Determined by the CLSI Broth Microdilution Method and Etest Using Lipid-Enriched Media

In vitro activity of lactoferricin solution against Malassezia pachydermatis from otitis externa in dogs and cats

The Hygienic Importance of Fungi Colonizing the Sheep Wool in Erbil/Iraq

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