2013
DOI: 10.1002/wsb.361
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Animal attendance at M‐44 sodium cyanide ejector sites for coyotes

Abstract: Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ejectors for coyotes (Canis latrans), known as M-44s, are used in many parts of the United States for lethally removing coyotes to protect livestock or other resources. Quantifying selectivity of current devices in killing target and non-target species is important to users and provides a baseline for future development of more effective and selective techniques. We used motionactivated cameras to monitor M-44 locations for coyote and other species visitations to the sites. Because camera… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…We are currently trialling two state-of-the-art encapsulation technologies (controlled release emulsion and diffusion membrane/reservoir lures) for their appropriateness, as different environments and context (in-doors, out-of-doors, urban, rural, and conservation estate) will necessitate different application technologies. Our semiochemical lures will improve the effectiveness and scale of pest mammal suppression and detection, especially at low and invading densities, by overcoming the current limitations of food-based lures (Turkowski et al 1979, Shivik et al 2014). They will be applicable to current biosensor, monitoring, trapping, and bait technologies and will help emerging technologies (e.g.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…We are currently trialling two state-of-the-art encapsulation technologies (controlled release emulsion and diffusion membrane/reservoir lures) for their appropriateness, as different environments and context (in-doors, out-of-doors, urban, rural, and conservation estate) will necessitate different application technologies. Our semiochemical lures will improve the effectiveness and scale of pest mammal suppression and detection, especially at low and invading densities, by overcoming the current limitations of food-based lures (Turkowski et al 1979, Shivik et al 2014). They will be applicable to current biosensor, monitoring, trapping, and bait technologies and will help emerging technologies (e.g.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Semiochemical lures overcome the inherent limitations of food-based lures, such as their perishability and inconsistent odour properties, while offering benefits such as long-life, ease of handling and storage, and sometimes sex and/or behaviour-specific responses (Turkowski et al 1979, Torto 2009, Shivik et al 2014. Semiochemical lures for commensal rodents would be a major advance, like that achieved for invertebrate monitoring and control, but their discovery has been constrained by the complexity of the challenge (Albone et al 1986, Linklater et al 2013.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although some stations included multiple M‐44 devices, we randomly assigned one device set at normal height as the matched pair for the modified‐height M‐44. We used camera traps to record visitation rates (Shivik et al ). In brief, we set cameras 4–15.5 m from devices where an appropriate fence post or tree for mounting was found, installed 0.5–2 m above ground, and programmed to record 3 images/trigger in 1‐second intervals for 24 hr/day.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has high selectivity toward killing canid species, and is registered in the United States for the control of coyotes ( Canis latrans ), red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ), grey foxes ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus ), and feral dogs ( C. familiaris ; Connolly ). It is most commonly used for removal of coyotes in response to livestock depredation (Shivik et al ). The device is selective because it can be baited with a lure that induces a bite‐and‐pull response in canids.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Synthetic semiochemical-based lures might overcome the limitations of food-based lures while offering additional benefits such as having temporally consistent odour properties, long life, ease of handling and storage, sex and/or behaviour-specific responses, and species specificity (Turkowski et al 1979, Torto 2009, Shivik et al 2014. However, to date, the identification and use of semiochemical lures for vertebrate population management remains an underexploited opportunity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%