Animal Cloning – the route to new genomics in agriculture and medicine

Berardino, Marie A. Di

doi:10.1046/j.1432-0436.2001.680201.x

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…In about 8% of the transplants, the blood cell nuclei directed development of the embryos into feeding tadpoles approaching metamorphosis when development ceased. These and other experiments indicated that nuclei from differentiated larval and adult frog cells are pluripotent, but no adult amphibian cell nucleus has been shown to be to be totipotent [13].…”

Section: Embryonic Nuclear Clonesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It was found that up to 80% of the eggs inoculated with blastula nuclei were able to complete their development of embryos into normal tadpoles. This indicated that when the nucleus of a blastula embryo cell was returned to the environment of an egg cell, it would be redirected to act as the original nucleus of the fertilized egg and was fully capable of forming a highly differentiated, functioning tadpole [13]. Tweedell: Embryos, Clones, and Stem Cells TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2004) 4, …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree of success, however, is very low and may be due to inactivity of key embryonic genes [21]. Subsequently, somatic cell nuclei from several different animal cells have been used to produce new embryos and adults in a variety of animals, cattle, pigs, and mice [13].…”

Section: Embryonic Nuclear Clonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Embryos, Clones, and Stem Cells: A Scientific Primer

Tweedell

2004

The Scientific World JOURNAL

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EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS The Marvelous Potential of the Egg and EmbryoA freedom peculiar to the embryo lies in its unlimited potential to produce all of the different cells, tissues, and organs found in the developing embryo and adult. The human embryo begins development after activation of the egg (oocyte) by the sperm in the fertilization process [1,2]. Prior to this, the oocyte develops into a mature egg according to a specific plan encoded in the chromosomes of the maternal nucleus. Once

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Section: Embryonic Nuclear Clonesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Embryos, Clones, and Stem Cells: A Scientific Primer

Tweedell

2004

The Scientific World JOURNAL

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“…Current success rates with nuclear transfer in mammals are very low (less than 0.1 -5% of reconstructed embryos result in a live birth (Di Berardino 2001, Wakayama & Yanagimachi 2001. Therefore, between 20 and 1000 nuclear transfers would need to be performed to achieve one viable offspring.…”

Section: Objectives Of Conservation and The Role Of Cloningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although nuclear transfer did not create these larvae, they represented 'proof of principle' that early-stage embryonic cells had the capacity to develop autonomously into a whole individual. Di Berardino (2001) describes this and other examples in a review that covers the development of embryological and associated studies in cloning technology from those significant early beginnings to the production of the first cloned mammals. Interestingly, the review also covers the development of cloning technology in insects, amphibians and fishes, species that rarely enter the public debate on cloning in species conservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife conservation and reproductive cloning

Holt

Pickard²,

Prather³

2004

Reproduction

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Reproductive cloning, or the production of offspring by nuclear transfer, is often regarded as having potential for conserving endangered species of wildlife. Currently, however, low success rates for reproductive cloning limit the practical application of this technique to experimental use and proof of principle investigations. In this review, we consider how cloning may contribute to wildlife conservation strategies. The cloning of endangered mammals presents practical problems, many of which stem from the paucity of knowledge about their basic reproductive biology. However, situations may arise where resources could be targeted at recovering lost or under-represented genetic lines; these could then contribute to the future fitness of the population. Approaches of this type would be preferable to the indiscriminate generation of large numbers of identical individuals. Applying cloning technology to non-mammalian vertebrates may be more practical than attempting to use conventional reproductive technologies. As the scientific background to cloning technology was pioneered using amphibians, it may be possible to breed imminently threatened amphibians, or even restore extinct amphibian species, by the use of cloning. In this respect species with external embryonic development may have an advantage over mammals as developmental abnormalities associated with inappropriate embryonic reprogramming would not be relevant.

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Animal Transgenesis and Cloning

Houdebine¹

2003

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Animal Cloning – the route to new genomics in agriculture and medicine

Cited by 38 publications

References 98 publications

Embryos, Clones, and Stem Cells: A Scientific Primer

Embryos, Clones, and Stem Cells: A Scientific Primer

Wildlife conservation and reproductive cloning

Animal Transgenesis and Cloning

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