Animal ethics in laparoscopic urology training

Abstract

Laparoscopic urologic operating techniques are in widespread use throughout the world and because of various advantages, over the years they have virtually become a gold standard surgical intervention method. As laparoscopy is a painstaking technique to learn, the training consists of different stages. Within these stages of training, wet laboratory training where animals are used, is the most sensitive stage. The widespread use of experimental animals in medical research necessitated standardization and the establishment of certain regulations. This standardization and organization of laws and regulations started to be discussed in Europe approximately a century ago and have been established on a certain foundation. In this rewiev article, we discuss some important points and ethic rules about laparoscopic urologic training practiced on live animals.

Application of a highly simulated and adaptable training system in the laparoscopic training course for surgical residents: Experience from a high-volume teaching hospital in China

“…Generally, it can only be available for single-person training, so they are no longer sufficient for an advanced laparoscopic training course. Live animal experimentation is still the most acceptable platform for laparoscopic simulation training, but laparoscopic training usually adopts medium to large animals that are closer to human anatomies, such as pigs and dogs, so it needs to be conducted in a qualified animal laboratory, equipped with clinical laparoscopic equipment, instruments and anesthesia support, including pneumoperitoneum, vital monitor, and anesthesia machines [ 27 , 28 ]. Therefore, the single training cost of live animal experiments is relatively high, and it cannot completely cover all stages of laparoscopic training and involves animal ethical issues and risks associated with the administration of anesthetic drugs [ 29 ].…”

Survey of basic laparoscopic training exposure of Nigerian postgraduate trainees

“…However, these are more expensive, more difficult to organize, and may raise ethical issues. [12] These are not widely available in Nigeria.…”