Animal Fatty Acid Synthase: A Chemical Nanofactory

Paiva, Pedro; Medina, Fabiola E.; Viegas, Matilde F.; Ferreira, Pedro; Neves, Rui P. P.; Sousa, João Pedro Marques; Ramos, María J.; Fernandes, Pedro A.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00147

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 505 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The down-regulated expression of the AMPK signal transduction pathway blocked the fatty acid synthesis pathway. Furthermore, the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) [ 31 ], acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1) [ 32 ], and stearoyl-CoA dehydrogenase-1 (SCD1) [ 33 ], which are candidate factors of fat deposition, were down-regulated. However, sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP1C) is an important nuclear transcription factor [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Transcriptome Analysis of the Black Porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) under Acute Low-Temperature Stress

Wang

Chen

Wei

et al. 2023

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High nutritional value and the development of efficient biotechnological methods of controlled production have made black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) an economically important fish in Chinese aquaculture in recent years. However, aquaculture production of the species faces multiple issues associated with reduced growth rate, low reproduction ability, and high mortality during production, which are associated with the species’ limited tolerance to low temperatures. To date, comprehensive information on the genetic-based mechanisms of cold tolerance and adaptation to low temperature in the species are still unavailable. In this study, the HiSeq™2500 (Illumina) sequencing platform was used to analyze the transcriptomic profile of the liver tissue in the black porgy subjected to different extents of cold shock, including a control temperature group (AS, T = 15 °C), an intermediate temperature group (AL1, T = 10 °C), and an acute low-temperature stress group (AL2, T = 5 °C). For this purpose, three standardized cDNA libraries of AS, AL1, and AL2 were established. We obtained 43,258,908, 48,239,072, and 38,983,833 clean reads from the AS group, AL1 group, and AL2 group, respectively. After pairwise comparison, 70 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the examined fish groups. Among them, 60 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed after trend analysis. GO annotation and enrichment results showed that they were mainly enriched into three categories: biological processes (12 subcategories), molecular functions (7 subcategories), and cellular components (7 subcategories). KEGG analysis results indicated that all significantly differentially expressed genes were annotated to 102 signaling pathways, including biological rhythm, cholesterol metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, animal autophagy, FoxO signaling pathway, steroid biosynthesis, and regulation of adipocyte lipolysis and apoptosis. Four of them, namely: G6PC, GPX1, GCK, and HSPE1 were randomly selected for further qRT-PCR verification of data reliability obtained by RNA-Seq technology. In this study, we found that environmental acute cold stress mainly affected the black porgy’s biological processes related to metabolism, apoptosis, and signal transduction. The data that we have reported provides baseline information for further studies concerning the genetic responses of the black porgy under cold stress conditions, the improvement of its aquaculture production, and other economically important matters regarding their limited tolerance to cold shock.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Transcriptome Analysis of the Black Porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) under Acute Low-Temperature Stress

Wang

Chen

Wei

et al. 2023

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The levels of expression of numerous genes involved in the fatty acid metabolism pathway, such as FASN, ELOVL5, ELOVL6, ACSL6, ACSL1, ACSL3, and FADS2, were upregulated in the livers of hybrid tilapia compared with the parental species. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is an important rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of fatty acids used for energy generation, extended with C2 units derived from the elongation substrate malonyl-CoA [37]. The biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids requires the concerted activities of fatty acyl desaturase (FADS) and elongase (ELOVL) [38].…”

Section: Analysis Of Candidate Degs Involved In Fatty Acid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Profiling Revealed Basis for Growth Heterosis in Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ♀ × O. aureus ♂)

Zhu

Zou

et al. 2022

Fishes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hybrid tilapia were produced from hybridization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and blue tilapia (O. aureus). Comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out on the liver of hybrid tilapia and their parents by RNA sequencing. A total of 2319 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Trend co-expression analysis showed that non-additive gene expression accounted for 67.1% of all DEGs. Gene Ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses classified the respective DEGs. Gene functional enrichment analysis indicated that most up-regulated genes, such as FASN, ACSL1, ACSL3, ACSL6, ACACA, ELOVL6, G6PD, ENO1, GATM, and ME3, were involved in metabolism, including fatty acid biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, amino acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The expression levels of a gene related to ribosomal biosynthesis in eukaryotes, GSH-Px, and those associated with heat shock proteins (HSPs), such as HSPA5 and HSP70, were significantly down-regulated compared with the parent tilapia lineages. The results revealed that the metabolic pathway in hybrid tilapia was up-regulated, with significantly improved fatty acid metabolism and carbon metabolism, whereas ribosome biosynthesis in eukaryotes and basal defense response were significantly down-regulated. These findings provide new insights into our understanding of growth heterosis in hybrid tilapia.

show abstract

“…It mainly regulates fatty acid synthesis by catalyzing acetyl coenzyme A to malonyl coenzyme A [ 12 ]. What is more, fatty acid synthase (FAS) is the vital enzyme that participates in the conversion from sugar to lipid [ 13 ]. Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cholesterol regulatory element binding protein mainly exists on the endoplasmic reticulum of cells when intracellular cholesterol is abundant, and its up-regulation and nuclear entry often means that more cholesterol is needed in the cell [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive exogenous cholesterol activating intestinal LXRα-ABCA1/G5/G8 signaling pathway can not reverse atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice

Ding

Han

et al. 2023

Lipids Health Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The long-term excessive intake of exogenous cholesterol can lead to abnormally elevated blood lipid levels and induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the influence and relevance of exogenous cholesterol on plasma cholesterol components were still unclear, and the influence on intestinal lipid metabolism targets needs to be further explored. Methods In vivo, the C57BL/6 + NF group and ApoE−/− + NF group mice were fed a normal specific pathogen-free (SPF) diet; the ApoE−/− + HF group mice were fed a high-cholesterol SPF diet. The plasma and jejunum tissue homogenate were obtained for non-targeted lipid metabolomics. The lipid droplets in tissues were observed by transmission electron microscope and oil red O staining. Jejunum tissue morphology was observed by HE staining. The kits were used to detect lipid content in plasma, tissues, intestinal contents, and cells. Western blot, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to observe the key target of lipid metabolism. In vitro, the final concentration of cholesterol was 100 μmol/L in Caco-cells. Oil red O staining, western blot, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to observe the changes of lipid metabolism. Finally, the influence of liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) on intestinal cholesterol metabolism was clarified by applying the LXRα inhibitor GSK2033 and siRNA targeting LXRα. Results The aortic arch and intestinal villi of the two groups of ApoE−/− mice showed apparent lesions and lipid accumulation, and there were significant changes in a variety of lipids in the plasma and jejunum. Additionally, jejunum LXRα was markedly activated. High cholesterol can significantly activate LXRα in Caco-2 cells. After LXRα was inhibited, the protein level of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1/G5/G8 (ABCA1/G5/G8) decreased, and the quantity and volume of intracellular lipids soared. Conclusion In a high-cholesterol environment, the intestine promotes the excretion of cholesterol from the cell through the LXRα-ABCA1/G5/G8 pathway, reduces the intestinal intake of a variety of exogenous cholesterol, and reduces the risk of AS. Graphical Abstract

show abstract

Animal Fatty Acid Synthase: A Chemical Nanofactory

Cited by 54 publications

References 505 publications

Liver Transcriptome Analysis of the Black Porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) under Acute Low-Temperature Stress

Liver Transcriptome Analysis of the Black Porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) under Acute Low-Temperature Stress

Transcriptome Profiling Revealed Basis for Growth Heterosis in Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ♀ × O. aureus ♂)

Excessive exogenous cholesterol activating intestinal LXRα-ABCA1/G5/G8 signaling pathway can not reverse atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About