Animal Health Problems Caused by Silicon and Other Mineral Imbalances

Mayland, H. F.; Shewmaker, Glenn E.

doi:10.2307/4003115

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Phytoliths physically deter some invertebrate pests, and for mammals they decrease the digestibility of plant tissues (Van Soest & Jones, 1968). Excessive consumption of silica can potentially cause serious disease in ungulates (Bailey, 1981; Mayland & Shewmaker, 2001). Phytoliths appear to be an inducible defence in response to herbivory (Massey, Ennos & Hartley, 2007; McNaughton & Tarrants, 1983).…”

Section: Causes Of Tooth Wear In Extant Ungulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although not all soil particles are likely to be harder than tooth enamel, major soil constituents such as quartz certainly are (Mayland & Shewmaker, 2001; Mayland et al , 1977; Sanson, 2006). Thus ingested soil should be highly effective at abrading teeth, and there are numerous anecdotal reports to that effect (e.g.…”

Section: Causes Of Tooth Wear In Extant Ungulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus ingested soil should be highly effective at abrading teeth, and there are numerous anecdotal reports to that effect (e.g. Rue, 1997: p.130; Mayland & Shewmaker, 2001; Mayland et al , 1977; Robinette et al , 1957). Healy and colleagues demonstrated that incisor wear rates in sheep are directly proportional to the amount of soil ingested on different farms and in experimental situations (Healy & Ludwig, 1965 b ; Ludwig, Healey & Cutress, 1968).…”

Section: Causes Of Tooth Wear In Extant Ungulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the relationship between hypsodonty and feeding ecology in ungulate mammals, and its utility in palaeoecology

2011

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High-crowned (hypsodont) teeth are widely found among both extant and extinct mammalian herbivores. Extant grazing ungulates (hoofed mammals) have hypsodont teeth (a derived condition), and so extinct hypsodont forms have usually been presumed to have been grazers. Thus, hypsodonty among ungulates has, over the past 150 years, formed the basis of widespread palaeoecological interpretations, and has figured prominently in the evolutionary study of the spread of grasslands in the mid Cenozoic. However, perceived inconsistencies between levels of hypsodonty and dental wear patterns in both extant and extinct ungulates have caused some workers to reject hypsodonty as a useful predictive tool in palaeobiology, a view that we consider both misguided and premature. Despite the acknowledged association between grazing and hypsodonty, the quantitative relationship of hypsodonty to the known ecology of living ungulate species, critical in making interpretations of the fossil record, was little studied until the past two decades. Also, much of the literature on ungulate ecology relevant to understanding hypsodonty has yet to be fully incorporated into the perspectives of palaeontologists. Here we review the history and current state of our knowledge of the relationship between hypsodonty and ungulate ecology, and reassert the value of hypsodonty for our understanding of ungulate feeding behaviour. We also show how soil consumption, rather than the consumption of grass plants per se, may be the missing piece of the puzzle in understanding the observed correlation between diets, habitats, and hypsodonty in ungulates. Additionally, we show how hypsodonty may impact life-history strategies, and resolve some controversies regarding the relevance of hypsodonty to the prediction of the diets of extinct species. This in turn strengthens the utility of hypsodonty in the determination of past environmental conditions, and we provide a revised view of a traditional example of evolutionary trends in palaeobiology, that of the evolution of hypsodonty in horses and its correlation with the Miocene spread of grasslands in North America.

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Section: Causes Of Tooth Wear In Extant Ungulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Causes Of Tooth Wear In Extant Ungulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Causes Of Tooth Wear In Extant Ungulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the relationship between hypsodonty and feeding ecology in ungulate mammals, and its utility in palaeoecology

2011

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“…It also affects the quality of plant fibres [6,7]. Silica is mostly deposited in organs through high transpiration [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Seasonal Variations, Covariations with Minerals and Forage Value on Itchgrass’ Foliar Silicification from Sudanian Benin

Kindomihou

Sinsin

Ambouta

et al. 2015

Silicon

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“…Especially during winter grazing, diseases like grass tetany as a result of mineral imbalances or deficiencies in herbage mass are observed (Kemp and ‘t Hart 1957, Grunes et al. 1970, Wallis deVries 1996, Mayland and Shewmaker 2001). Furthermore, especially F. arundinacea is described as a species with ‘high grass tetany potential’ because of its often comparatively low Mg concentrations (Wilkinson and Mays 1979, Sleper et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sward Management on the Mineral Content of Winter Grazed Herbage

Boberfeld

Banzhaf

2006

J Agronomy Crop Science

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No information is available regarding the mineral content of autumn‐saved herbage during winter grazing under Central European conditions. Therefore, P, K, Na, Mg and Ca concentrations of autumn‐saved growths of Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne were analysed considering the potential influence of pre‐utilization (saved from June or July), date of winter harvest (December, January, February) and year (three winters). For all years date of winter harvest was the main source of variance, whereas date of preceding cut had no relevant effect on the mineral concentrations during winter. Already in December P [2.3 to 4.0 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)], Na (0.3 to 3 g kg−1 DM) and Mg (1.0 to 2.4 g kg−1 DM) concentrations were mostly below the required levels for ruminants. The lowest values were detected in February. K levels ranged between 6.6 g kg−1 DM in February and 23.4 g kg−1 DM in December; on average, K concentrations decreased about 10 g kg−1 DM with advancing winter. Ca concentrations (2.9 to 7.4 g kg−1 DM) hardly changed during winter. Related to higher growth rates of F. arundinacea before December, P and Ca concentrations were diluted, but regarding Mg, more wintergreen F. arundinacea reached higher values than L. perenne especially at the beginning of winter.

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Animal Health Problems Caused by Silicon and Other Mineral Imbalances

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

On the relationship between hypsodonty and feeding ecology in ungulate mammals, and its utility in palaeoecology

On the relationship between hypsodonty and feeding ecology in ungulate mammals, and its utility in palaeoecology

The Effect of Seasonal Variations, Covariations with Minerals and Forage Value on Itchgrass’ Foliar Silicification from Sudanian Benin

The Effect of Sward Management on the Mineral Content of Winter Grazed Herbage

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