Animal husbandry market in Kazakhstan: Dynamics and prognosis

Abstract

Studies of livestock dynamics and productivity is an effective mechanism to monitor the possible risks to the breeding of animals of different species and a timely response to strengthen the food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research aims to conduct an analytical review of the state of livestock breeding on the main species of animals that are bred in its territory and the forecast of development soon. The materials for the analysis were reports from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as information in Kazakh and foreign periodicals on the state of livestock breeding and current news in the agricultural sector of the country. The statistical materials on the number of animals of different species, gross output received from them, investment activities, and other indicators directly or indirectly related to the dynamic indicators in animal husbandry were used. The results of the analytical review revealed positive annual dynamics of increasing the number of livestock of most species of farm animals in the country. Thus, the growth of cattle population is 2-4% from year to year, a similar situation is observed in sheep (2-4%) and poultry (4-10%); the only exception is a decrease in pig population by 5-9%. Populations of cattle, sheep and goats, horses, and camels are mainly concentrated in small farms and individual households, so a significant part of products from them does not get to industrial processing, which leads to the need to import them to meet the needs of the urban population. The main mass of poultry, although represented by the livestock of specialized agricultural enterprises, the volume of output does not provide the necessary volume, which is reflected in an increase in purchases abroad. Therefore, to date, there are no visible prerequisites for reducing the number of animals of all species that are bred in Kazakhstan, and the state support of livestock breeding can contribute to the further growth of livestock