Animal Models for Candidiasis

Romani, Luigina

doi:10.1002/0471142735.im1906s30

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The wild type virulence of the hwp1 Δ/Δ strains in C57BL/6 mice was an unexpected result of our studies. C57BL/6 and BALB/c are considered to be less susceptible to intravenous C. albicans challenge among mice of different genetic backgrounds tested in this model of candidiasis [ 54 – 58 ], and we observed similar survival kinetics between the mouse strains injected with the wild type SC5314. However, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice can produce different immunological responses to C. albicans infections and complicate the interpretation of virulence data [ 59 – 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Niche-Specific Requirement for Hyphal Wall protein 1 in Virulence of Candida albicans

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Specialized Candida albicans cell surface proteins called adhesins mediate binding of the fungus to host cells. The mammalian transglutaminase (TG) substrate and adhesin, Hyphal wall protein 1 (Hwp1), is expressed on the hyphal form of C. albicans where it mediates fungal adhesion to epithelial cells. Hwp1 is also required for biofilm formation and mating thus the protein functions in both fungal-host and self-interactions. Hwp1 is required for full virulence of C. albicans in murine models of disseminated candidiasis and of esophageal candidiasis. Previous studies correlated TG activity on the surface of oral epithelial cells, produced by epithelial TG (TG1), with tight binding of C. albicans via Hwp1 to the host cell surfaces. However, the contribution of other Tgs, specifically tissue TG (TG2), to disseminated candidiasis mediated by Hwp1 was not known. A newly created hwp1 null strain in the wild type SC5314 background was as virulent as the parental strain in C57BL/6 mice, and virulence was retained in C57BL/6 mice deleted for Tgm2 (TG2). Further, the hwp1 null strains displayed modestly reduced virulence in BALB/c mice as did strain DD27-U1, an independently created hwp1Δ/Δ in CAI4 corrected for its ura3Δ defect at the URA3 locus. Hwp1 was still needed to produce wild type biofilms, and persist on murine tongues in an oral model of oropharyngeal candidiasis consistent with previous studies by us and others. Finally, lack of Hwp1 affected the translocation of C. albicans from the mouse intestine into the bloodstream of mice. Together, Hwp1 appears to have a minor role in disseminated candidiasis, independent of tissue TG, but a key function in host- and self-association to the surface of oral mucosa.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Niche-Specific Requirement for Hyphal Wall protein 1 in Virulence of Candida albicans

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The following overview article aims to describe various experimental in vivo models in different laboratory animals, such as mammals (mice, rats, rabbits) [ 5 ], the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster [ 6 ], the larvae of the moth Galleria mellonella [ 7 ], or the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans [ 8 ]. The review will describe the induction of the different clinical forms of candidiasis in the various models and the validity of such models in mimicking the human clinical situations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental In Vivo Models of Candidiasis

Segal

Frenkel

2018

JoF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Candidiasis is a multifaceted fungal disease including mucosal-cutaneous, visceral, and disseminated infections caused by yeast species of the genus Candida. Candida infections are among the most common human mycoses. Candida species are the third to fourth most common isolates from bloodstream infections in neutropenic or immunocompromised hospitalized patients. The mucosal-cutaneous forms-particularly vaginal infections-have a high prevalence. Vaginitis caused by Candida species is the second most common vaginal infection. Hence, candidiasis is a major subject for research, including experimental in vivo models to study pathogenesis, prevention, or therapy of the disease. The following review article will focus on various experimental in vivo models in different laboratory animals, such as mammals (mice, rats, rabbits), the fruit fly-Drosophila melanogaster, the larvae of the moth Galleria mellonella, or the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The review will describe the induction of the different clinical forms of candidiasis in the various models and the validity of such models in mimicking the human clinical situations. The use of such models for the assessment of antifungal drugs, evaluation of potential vaccines to protect before candidiasis, exploration of Candida virulence factors, and comparison of pathogenicity of different Candida species will be included in the review. All of the above will be reported as based on published studies of numerous investigators as well as on the research of the author and his group.

show abstract

“…albicans resides in. C. albicans is not a natural coloniser of the murine GI tract, and colonisation must needs be established by depleting the natural GI microbiota through pre-treatment of mice with an antibiotic cocktail [104,172]. This is not a trivial alteration as the gut microbiota is known to be a pleiotropic regulator of C. albicans colonisation and infection [173].…”

Section: Sufficiency Of Individual Rnr Genes Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterisation of the effects of classical chemotherapy on Candida albicans and systemic candidiasis

Teoh¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

of C. albicans 1.3. Chemotherapy 1.3.1. Different classes of chemotherapy 1.3.2. Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) by HU 1.3.3. RNR in C. albicans 1.3.4. Side effects of chemotherapy on the human host 1.3.4.1. Effects of chemotherapy on the epithelial barrier 1.3.4.2. Effects of chemotherapy on innate immunity 1.3.4.3. Mutagenic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in mammalian cells and C. albicans 1.3.4.4. Stress-induced mutagenesis 1.3.4.5. Effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on the phenotype of C. albicans 1.4. Summary and aims 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Dose-response relationship of C. albicans and chemotherapeutic drugs 2.1.2. Overnight culture 2.1.2. Growth rate measurement 2.1.3. Viability measurement 2.1.4. Morphological changes 2.2. Generation of genomic changes in C. albicans by acute exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs 2.2.1. Analysis of ploidy changes in C. albicans using flow cytometry 2.2.2. Karyotyping of C. albicans by quantitative PCR (qPCR) 2.3. Generation of isogenic strains to assess requirement of trisomy 2 for acquired HU resistance 2.3.1. Spotting assays for screening HU resistance 2.4. Adaptive evolution experiments in C. albicans 2.5. Effect of HU treatment on C. albicans colonising the adult murine GI tract 2.6. Effect of HU treatment on the outcome of systemic candidiasis in the adult mouse i ii v vi vii ii 2.7. Generation of knockout mutants for RNR genes located on Chromosome 2 2.8. Overexpression of individual RNR genes in C. albicans 2.9. Quantification of RNR gene expression levels by quantitative PCR 3. Results 3.1. HU induces immunosuppression and increased mortality during systemic C. albicans infection 3.2. Effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on the growth, morphology and viability of C. albicans 3.3. In vitro and in vivo induction of aneuploidy in C. albicans by chemotherapeutic drugs 3.4. Adaptive advantage of trisomy 2 under HU-induced stress 3.5. Role of RNR genes in conferring HU resistance 3.5.1. Requirement of individual RNR genes on Chromosome 2 for trisomy 2-mediated HU resistance 3.5.2. Sufficiency of individual RNR genes on Chromosome 2 for trisomy 2-mediated HU resistance 3.6. Concomitant resistance of trisomic 2 strains to caspofungin in vitro and in vivo 4. Discussion 5. Conclusion 6. References 7. Appendix 8. Author's publications 9. Posters, awards, invited talks i Acknowledgements "I can no other answer make but thanks, and thanks; and ever thanks."-Twelfth Night, William Shakespeare It has been a long journey, with sunshine and rain in equal measure. I am glad I made the choice to take this path, in good part because I have met many wonderful people along the way, who helped me at many points on the road, and without whom I would not have made it. I would like to express my gratitude to: The past and present members of the NP Lab: Fabien Cottier, Giang Le, XiaoHui Sem, Alrina Tan, Gloria Tso, and José Reales. Thank you for the patience and generosity you showed every time I landed on your (metaphorical) doorstep (at occasionally less than opportune momen...

show abstract

Animal Models for Candidiasis

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Niche-Specific Requirement for Hyphal Wall protein 1 in Virulence of Candida albicans

Niche-Specific Requirement for Hyphal Wall protein 1 in Virulence of Candida albicans

Experimental In Vivo Models of Candidiasis

Molecular characterisation of the effects of classical chemotherapy on Candida albicans and systemic candidiasis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About