Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis

Corleis, Björn; Bastian, Max; Hoffmann, Donata; Beer, Martin; Dorhoi, Anca

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223260

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 330 publications

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“…Mice are inherently resistant to CoV2 infection due to differences between mouse vs human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (mACE2 and hACE2, respectively) ( 32 , 33 ). This has led to the generation and use of transgenic hACE2 and Cre-Lox induced mouse models, as well as mouse-adapted strains of CoV2 which produce robust and severe infection pathologies ( 34 ).…”

Section: Preclinical Insights Gained Through Sars-cov and Sars-cov-2 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses: potential influences of cross-reactive memory responses and aging on efficacy and off-target effects

Collins,

Longo,

Murphy

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Immune responses to both SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated vaccines have been highly variable within the general population. The increasing evidence of long-lasting symptoms after resolution of infection, called post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or “Long COVID,” suggests that immune-mediated mechanisms are at play. Closely related endemic common human coronaviruses (hCoV) can induce pre-existing and potentially cross-reactive immunity, which can then affect primary SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as vaccination responses. The influence of pre-existing immunity from these hCoVs, as well as responses generated from original CoV2 strains or vaccines on the development of new high-affinity responses to CoV2 antigenic viral variants, needs to be better understood given the need for continuous vaccine adaptation and application in the population. Due in part to thymic involution, normal aging is associated with reduced naïve T cell compartments and impaired primary antigen responsiveness, resulting in a reliance on the pre-existing cross-reactive memory cell pool which may be of lower affinity, restricted in diversity, or of shorter duration. These effects can also be mediated by the presence of down-regulatory anti-idiotype responses which also increase in aging. Given the tremendous heterogeneity of clinical data, utilization of preclinical models offers the greatest ability to assess immune responses under a controlled setting. These models should now involve prior antigen/viral exposure combined with incorporation of modifying factors such as age on immune responses and effects. This will also allow for mechanistic dissection and understanding of the different immune pathways involved in both SARS-CoV-2 pathogen and potential vaccine responses over time and how pre-existing memory responses, including potential anti-idiotype responses, can affect efficacy as well as potential off-target effects in different tissues as well as modeling PASC.

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Section: Preclinical Insights Gained Through Sars-cov and Sars-cov-2 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses: potential influences of cross-reactive memory responses and aging on efficacy and off-target effects

Collins,

Longo,

Murphy

2024

Front. Immunol.

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The rabbit model for spinal tuberculosis: An overview

Jia,

Zhang,

Cao

et al. 2024

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has emerged as a global public health issue, predominantly manifesting as pulmonary tuberculosis. Bone and joint tuberculosis, with spinal tuberculosis accounting for approximately 50%, represents a significant form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Over the past years, there has been a rise in the incidence of spinal tuberculosis, and research concerning this area has gained significant attention. At present, animal models provide a means to investigate the pathogenesis, drug resistance, and novel treatment approaches for spinal tuberculosis. New Zealand rabbits, possessing a comparable anatomical structure to humans and capable of reproducing typical pathological features of human tuberculosis, are extensively employed in spinal tuberculosis research using animal models. This article comprehensively evaluates the strengths, considerations in strain selection, various modelling approaches, and practical applications of the rabbit model in studying spinal tuberculosis based on pertinent literature to guide fundamental research in this field by providing valuable insights into appropriate animal model selection.

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Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis

Cited by 2 publications

References 330 publications

The immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses: potential influences of cross-reactive memory responses and aging on efficacy and off-target effects

The immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses: potential influences of cross-reactive memory responses and aging on efficacy and off-target effects

The rabbit model for spinal tuberculosis: An overview

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