Animal Models for the Study of Neonatal Disease

Praud, Jean Paul; Miura, Yoshio; Frasch, Martin G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809468-6.00031-0

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Perinatal hypoxia may delay or reverse ductal closure, leading to persistent fetal circulation [ 24 ]. In premature animals, the DA often fails to close as the premature ductus is less likely to constrict, easily reopens due to insensitivity to elevated arterial oxygen tension and loses its ability to respond to vasoconstrictive stimulants with increasing postnatal age [ 6 ]. The premature ductus is also more sensitive to the effects of prostaglandins that are produced with inflammation, which contributes to the reopening of the ductus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The premature ductus is also more sensitive to the effects of prostaglandins that are produced with inflammation, which contributes to the reopening of the ductus. Structural anatomic closure is also less likely to occur due to the larger diameter of the premature DA compared to a full-term DA [ 6 ]. In our study, the number of premature foals was low, and the relationship between DA closure and gestational length could not be evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, differences in DA closure between healthy and diseased foals were difficult to assess due to confounding factors such as prematurity, perinatal hypoxia, and the administration of intranasal oxygen and medication. In humans, indomethacin (COX inhibitor) has been used for the closure of patent DA by lowering prostaglandin levels [ 6 ]. Administration of NSAIDs might also result in earlier DA closure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During fetal life, deoxygenated blood also bypasses the lungs via the DA, which connects the pulmonary trunk to the descending aorta. The lumen of the DA is kept open due to low fetal systemic arterial oxygen and high circulating prostaglandin [ 6 ]. At birth, DA closure initially takes place by vasoconstriction due to increased arterial oxygen and decreased prostaglandins [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Echocardiographic Features of the Ductus Arteriosus and the Foramen Ovale in a Hospital-Based Population of Neonatal Foals

Lange

Vernemmen

Loon

et al. 2022

Animals

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The ductus arteriosus (DA) and foramen ovale (FO), including the septum primum (SP) and septum secundum (SS), are important structures in fetal circulation and are unexplored in neonatal equids. The objective of this study is to describe echocardiographic characteristics in a hospital-based population of neonatal foals. On days 2, 5 and 10 after parturition, cardiac ultrasound was performed, and clinical data were collected in healthy and diseased Warmblood foals. Fifty healthy (n = 15) and diseased (n = 35) Warmblood foals were examined. A left-sided and right-sided holosystolic murmur was audible in 98% (n = 42) and 51% (n = 22), respectively, on day 2; in 81% (n = 25) and 19% (n = 6) on day 5; and in 44% (n = 4) and 11% (n = 1) on day 10. The median grade of the systolic murmurs was higher when the DA was open. Flow through the DA could be visualized with color flow and continuous wave (CW) Doppler from the left parasternal long-axis view of the pulmonary artery in 40/43 foals on day 2, 9/31 foals on day 5 and 2/9 foals on day 10. The DA diameter was 2 ± 1 mm on day 2, 2 ± 1 mm on day 5 and 1 mm on day 10. The thickness of both septa of the FO was similar. The SP fluttered into the left atrium at all ages, but the maximal distance between the SP and SS decreased over time. In conclusion, cardiac murmurs, a patent DA and fluttering FO are frequent findings in neonatal foals. While these findings are probably physiological, the clinical importance needs to be further elucidated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Echocardiographic Features of the Ductus Arteriosus and the Foramen Ovale in a Hospital-Based Population of Neonatal Foals

Lange

Vernemmen

Loon

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Autonomic nervous system impairment occurring in utero due to congenital heart disease, chronic hypoxemia, fetal growth restriction, acidemia, the trial of labor, bacterial, and viral infections or maternal factors can lead to labor complications (even death) and prematurity (Mulkey and du Plessis, 2018 ). Since the ANS requires 37 weeks in utero to fully develop, preterm newborns can experience difficulties in regulating their internal milieu in the face of environmental factors (Praud et al, 2017 ). Moreover, preterm birth often involves invasive treatments (e.g., invasive respiratory support) or drugs that can stress even more the immature ANS.…”

Section: The Fetal Ans Development: the Search Of “Critical Windows”mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Vagus Nerve and Autonomic Nervous System During Fetal Development: Searching for Critical Windows

Cerritelli¹,

Frasch²,

Antonelli³

et al. 2021

Front. Neurosci.

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is one of the main biological systems that regulates the body's physiology. Autonomic nervous system regulatory capacity begins before birth as the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity contributes significantly to the fetus' development. In particular, several studies have shown how vagus nerve is involved in many vital processes during fetal, perinatal, and postnatal life: from the regulation of inflammation through the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway, which may affect the functioning of each organ, to the production of hormones involved in bioenergetic metabolism. In addition, the vagus nerve has been recognized as the primary afferent pathway capable of transmitting information to the brain from every organ of the body. Therefore, this hypothesis paper aims to review the development of ANS during fetal and perinatal life, focusing particularly on the vagus nerve, to identify possible “critical windows” that could impact its maturation. These “critical windows” could help clinicians know when to monitor fetuses to effectively assess the developmental status of both ANS and specifically the vagus nerve. In addition, this paper will focus on which factors—i.e., fetal characteristics and behaviors, maternal lifestyle and pathologies, placental health and dysfunction, labor, incubator conditions, and drug exposure—may have an impact on the development of the vagus during the above-mentioned “critical window” and how. This analysis could help clinicians and stakeholders define precise guidelines for improving the management of fetuses and newborns, particularly to reduce the potential adverse environmental impacts on ANS development that may lead to persistent long-term consequences. Since the development of ANS and the vagus influence have been shown to be reflected in cardiac variability, this paper will rely in particular on studies using fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) to monitor the continued growth and health of both animal and human fetuses. In fact, fHRV is a non-invasive marker whose changes have been associated with ANS development, vagal modulation, systemic and neurological inflammatory reactions, and even fetal distress during labor.

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The influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the spectrum of neonatal disease in a tertiary hospital in China: A retrospective analysis

Wang,

Song,

et al. 2024

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimsNeonatal diseases are a significant threat to global public health, affecting the homeostasis and well‐being of patients and reflecting the status of, and challenges to, regional, national, and global healthcare systems. This study sought to investigate how the disease spectrum observed among neonatal inpatients changed after the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsThe present hospital‐based retrospective study analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of 19,943 hospitalized newborns from January 2018 to December 2022 using data derived from pediatric department registers.ResultsAccording to the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD‐11) classification criteria, the two most common neonatal disorders during this study period were “Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period” and “Disease of the respiratory system.” Following the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020 onwards), the number of neonatal patients declined markedly (5742 per year vs. 2820 per year), and the incidence of “Disease of the respiratory system” was significantly lower than in 2018–2019 (25.72% vs. 17.46%).ConclusionThe study offers detailed insights into the shifts in neonatal disease patterns at the Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital following the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, providing a foundation for future research and policymaking efforts.

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Animal Models for the Study of Neonatal Disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 349 publications

Echocardiographic Features of the Ductus Arteriosus and the Foramen Ovale in a Hospital-Based Population of Neonatal Foals

Echocardiographic Features of the Ductus Arteriosus and the Foramen Ovale in a Hospital-Based Population of Neonatal Foals

A Review on the Vagus Nerve and Autonomic Nervous System During Fetal Development: Searching for Critical Windows

The influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the spectrum of neonatal disease in a tertiary hospital in China: A retrospective analysis

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