Animal models in urinary diversion

Roosen, Alexander; Woodhouse, Christopher; Wood, Daniel; Stief, Christian G.; McDougal, W. Scott; Gerharz, Elmar W.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10494.x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, to obtain more comparable and informative data for human situation, the optimal animal models which are most similar to clinical situations should be selected [13,14]. However, how to enroll the most similar VX2 tumor models to their clinical counterpart for animal experiments still needs further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical Observation on Biological Progression of VX2 Liver Tumors to Identify the Optimal Time for Intervention in Animal Models

et al. 2013

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PurposeBased on practice guideline of “management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): update” published by American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and “Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system (BCLC),” this study investigated how to enroll the optimal VX2 liver tumor model for HCC researches by dynamically observing the biological progression of the tumor.MaterialsThirty-two healthy New Zealand white rabbits were implanted VX2 liver tumor by cell suspension method (n=24) and tissue fragment method (n=8). All the rabbits underwent CT scans on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 after implantation to observe the size of the tumors, the time when metastases and ascites occurred and the survival time. Appropriate intervention times were estimated corresponding to different clinical HCC stages by using tumor diameter-time curve.ResultsThe VX2 liver tumors grew rapidly within 28 days after implantation. And the tumors in the cell suspension group grew faster than those of the tissue fragment group. The appropriate intervention time corresponding to very early stage, early stage and intermediate stage were <11 days, 11–16.9 days and >16.9 days, respectively in the cell suspension group, and <19.9 days, 19.9–25.5 days and >25.5 days, respectively in the tissue fragment group.ConclusionPreclinical animal research needs to improve on different levels to yield best predictions for human patients. Researchers should seek for an individualized proposal to select optimal VX2 liver tumor models for their experiments. This approach may lead to a more accurate determination of therapeutic outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical Observation on Biological Progression of VX2 Liver Tumors to Identify the Optimal Time for Intervention in Animal Models

et al. 2013

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“…The extraordinary heterogeneity in animal studies has previously been reported by Roosen et al [41], who reviewed different animal models for the classical types of urinary diversion using GI tissue. A uniform conclusion regarding the most suitable animal model could not be drawn and the author advised to view the results with caution, when translating these for clinical implementation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Engineering in Animal Models for Urinary Diversion: A Systematic Review

Sloff¹,

Vries

Geutjes³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) approaches may provide alternatives for gastrointestinal tissue in urinary diversion. To continue to clinically translatable studies, TERM alternatives need to be evaluated in (large) controlled and standardized animal studies. Here, we investigated all evidence for the efficacy of tissue engineered constructs in animal models for urinary diversion. Studies investigating this subject were identified through a systematic search of three different databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science). From each study, animal characteristics, study characteristics and experimental outcomes for meta-analyses were tabulated. Furthermore, the reporting of items vital for study replication was assessed. The retrieved studies (8 in total) showed extreme heterogeneity in study design, including animal models, biomaterials and type of urinary diversion. All studies were feasibility studies, indicating the novelty of this field. None of the studies included appropriate control groups, i.e. a comparison with the classical treatment using GI tissue. The meta-analysis showed a trend towards successful experimentation in larger animals although no specific animal species could be identified as the most suitable model. Larger animals appear to allow a better translation to the human situation, with respect to anatomy and surgical approaches. It was unclear whether the use of cells benefits the formation of a neo urinary conduit. The reporting of the methodology and data according to standardized guidelines was insufficient and should be improved to increase the value of such publications. In conclusion, animal models in the field of TERM for urinary diversion have probably been chosen for reasons other than their predictive value. Controlled and comparative long term animal studies, with adequate methodological reporting are needed to proceed to clinical translatable studies. This will aid in good quality research with the reduction in the use of animals and an increase in empirical evidence of biomedical research.

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“…SRs may explicitly aim to provide the basis for selecting animal models ( Ahern et al 2009 ; Roosen et al 2012 ). In addition, they may produce such evidence as a byproduct of answering another research question.…”

Section: Advantages Of Systematic Reviews For Designing Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Usefulness of Systematic Reviews of Animal Experiments for the Design of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Vries¹,

Wever²,

Avey³

et al. 2014

ILAR Journal

138

103

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The question of how animal studies should be designed, conducted, and analyzed remains underexposed in societal debates on animal experimentation. This is not only a scientific but also a moral question. After all, if animal experiments are not appropriately designed, conducted, and analyzed, the results produced are unlikely to be reliable and the animals have in effect been wasted. In this article, we focus on one particular method to address this moral question, namely systematic reviews of previously performed animal experiments. We discuss how the design, conduct, and analysis of future (animal and human) experiments may be optimized through such systematic reviews. In particular, we illustrate how these reviews can help improve the methodological quality of animal experiments, make the choice of an animal model and the translation of animal data to the clinic more evidence-based, and implement the 3Rs. Moreover, we discuss which measures are being taken and which need to be taken in the future to ensure that systematic reviews will actually contribute to optimizing experimental design and thereby to meeting a necessary condition for making the use of animals in these experiments justified.

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Animal models in urinary diversion

Cited by 5 publications

References 144 publications

Dynamical Observation on Biological Progression of VX2 Liver Tumors to Identify the Optimal Time for Intervention in Animal Models

Dynamical Observation on Biological Progression of VX2 Liver Tumors to Identify the Optimal Time for Intervention in Animal Models

Tissue Engineering in Animal Models for Urinary Diversion: A Systematic Review

The Usefulness of Systematic Reviews of Animal Experiments for the Design of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

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