Animal Models of Infectious Arthritis

Mahowald, Maren L.

doi:10.1016/s0307-742x(21)00558-0

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In animal studies, staphylococci were injected into healthy and pre-damaged joints, and significantly more severe and rapid histologic changes were demonstrated in the pre-damaged joints. As a possible reason for the more rapid joint destruction, it has been suggested that infection by pannus can spread more rapidly to the subchondral bone in arthritic joints [ 66 ]. In our study, there was no statistically significant evidence as to which patients had more or less progression of OA, as measured by Kellgren and Lawrence stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Secondary Osteoarthritis after Primary Shoulder and Knee Empyema and Its Risk Factors

Böhle,

Finsterbusch,

Kirschberg

et al. 2024

JPM

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Empyema of the joint is an orthopedic emergency that is associated with a prolonged healing process despite adequate surgical and medical therapy. The risk of developing postinfectious osteoarthritis (OA) after successfully treated joint empyema is unknown. Both incidence and risk factors are important for prognostication and would therefore be clinically relevant for the selection of an adequate infectious therapy as well as for the individual follow-up of patients. The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to describe the risk of secondary OA after empyema based on knee and shoulder joint infections after successful primary infection treatment and its risk factors. Thirty-two patients were examined clinically and radiographically after completion of treatment for primary empyema of the knee or shoulder joint. Patients with previous surgery or injections in the affected joint were excluded from the study. The cumulative incidence of new-onset radiographic OA was 28.6%, representing a 5.5-fold increased risk of developing OA compared to the normal population. A figure of 25% of patients underwent total knee arthroplasty after knee empyema. Identified risk factors for primary empyema were obesity, hyperuricemia, and rheumatoid arthritis. Only about 60% of the patients tested positive for bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, the most common pathogen causing joint empyema, was present in approximately 40% of cases. Secondary osteoarthritis, as a possible secondary disease after joint empyema, could be demonstrated and several risk factors for the primary empyema were identified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Secondary Osteoarthritis after Primary Shoulder and Knee Empyema and Its Risk Factors

Böhle,

Finsterbusch,

Kirschberg

et al. 2024

JPM

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“…Pre-existing joint damage has been reported as a risk factor for SA, due to neovascularization and increased adhesion factors promoting bacteraemia [ 13 ]. Joint structure abnormality can allow pathogens to escape phagocytosis, and infected joints undergo more rapid histological changes [ 27 ]. However, only RA, rather than ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or OA, was found to be a risk factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for septic arthritis and multiple arthroscopic washouts: minimum 2-year follow-up at a major trauma centre

Zhou

Hussain

et al. 2022

Clin Rheumatol

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Background Septic arthritis (SA) is a dangerous condition that requires emergency treatment. Managed by culture-specific antibiotics, irrigation, and debridement (I&D), some patients require repeat surgical treatment. The objectives were to determine the risk factors for SA and risk factors for repeat arthroscopic I&D in SA patients. We hypothesized that variables which directly or indirectly contributed to a larger infection burden would be associated with the development of SA and the need for repeat arthroscopic I&D. Methods All patients ≥ 18 years old presenting to the emergency department, orthopaedic and rheumatology clinics at our major trauma centre between January 2018 and January 2020 with a hot, swollen joint were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with previous trauma and metalwork in the affected joint, periprosthetic joint infection, previous joint arthroplasty surgery, soft tissue infection, missing data, transferred to another centre, diagnosis not concerning the joint, and < 24-month follow-up were excluded. Two hundred eleven patients were included (SA: 28; pseudogout: 32; gout: 50; others: 101). Variables of interest in the 3-month period preceding the diagnosis of SA were compared between SA and non-SA patients using univariable analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was formed using covariates with corresponding univariable tests of p < 0.200. Similar analyses were performed to compare SA patients with multiple washouts/procedures with those with one washout/procedure. Results Multivariable analysis showed multiple risk factors for SA, namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (OR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.2–10.0; p = 0.023); skin infection (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.2–9.0; p = 0.017), liver disease (OR: 9.9; 95% CI: 2.2–43.9; p = 0.003), knee joint involvement (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.3–9.4; p = 0.014), and use of immunosuppressive medication (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.2–10.6; p = 0.027). Risk factors for multiple washouts included synovial WBC levels > 10.5 × 109 cells/L (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 2.3–38.8; p = 0.009) and RA (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.9–66.3; p = 0.017). Conclusions These findings suggest that prophylactic actions against septic arthritis should be targeted at patients with liver disease, RA, or skin infection. Repeat arthroscopic I&D of septic joints may be needed, especially in patients with synovial WBC levels > 10.5 × 109 cells/L and RA. Key Points• The risk factors for septic arthritis determined in this study are rheumatoid arthritis, skin infection, liver disease, knee joint involvement, and immunosuppressant usage.• Some septic arthritis patients need multiple rounds of arthroscopic irrigation and debridement. The risk factors for this are a synovial WBC count > 10.5 × 109 cells/L and rheumatoid arthritis.

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Infectious arthritis complicating rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic rheumatic disorders

Goldenberg

1989

Arthritis & Rheumatism

132

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Animal Models of Infectious Arthritis

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Incidence of Secondary Osteoarthritis after Primary Shoulder and Knee Empyema and Its Risk Factors

Incidence of Secondary Osteoarthritis after Primary Shoulder and Knee Empyema and Its Risk Factors

Risk factors for septic arthritis and multiple arthroscopic washouts: minimum 2-year follow-up at a major trauma centre

Infectious arthritis complicating rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic rheumatic disorders

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