Animal models of post-traumatic epilepsy and their neurobehavioral comorbidities

Santana-Gomez, Cesar; Medel-Matus, Jesús-Servando; Rundle, Brian K.

doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2021.05.008

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…A 30G needle attached to a 10 μL gastight syringe (Hamilton, Reno, NV, USA) was slowly inserted through the burr hole (at a rate of 1 mm/30 s), reaching the target depth of 3 mm (at the interface of the cortical area and corpus callosum, Figure 1 a). A 30G needle is widely used for rodent interstitial injection procedures [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The tracer was then delivered in a range of volumes (0.5, 1 and 2 µL; n = 2, 7, and 6, respectively) for 2–5 min using a microinjection syringe pump (Legato 100, KD Scientific, Holliston, MA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Incidence of Intracerebral Hemorrhaging Associated with the Application of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Following Acute Cerebrovascular Injury by Intracortical Injection

et al. 2022

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Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) has gained momentum as a non-/minimally-invasive modality that facilitates the delivery of various pharmaceutical agents to the brain. With the additional ability to modulate regional brain tissue excitability, FUS is anticipated to confer potential neurotherapeutic applications whereby a deeper insight of its safety is warranted. We investigated the effects of FUS applied to the rat brain (Sprague-Dawley) shortly after an intracortical injection of fluorescent interstitial solutes, a widely used convection-enhanced delivery technique that directly (i.e., bypassing the blood–brain-barrier (BBB)) introduces drugs or interstitial tracers to the brain parenchyma. Texas Red ovalbumin (OA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) were used as the interstitial tracers. Rats that did not receive sonication showed an expected interstitial distribution of OA and FITC-d around the injection site, with a wider volume distribution of OA (21.8 ± 4.0 µL) compared to that of FITC-d (7.8 ± 2.7 µL). Remarkably, nearly half of the rats exposed to the FUS developed intracerebral hemorrhaging (ICH), with a significantly higher volume of bleeding compared to a minor red blood cell extravasation from the animals that were not exposed to sonication. This finding suggests that the local cerebrovascular injury inflicted by the micro-injection was further exacerbated by the application of sonication, particularly during the acute stage of injury. Smaller tracer volume distributions and weaker fluorescent intensities, compared to the unsonicated animals, were observed for the sonicated rats that did not manifest hemorrhaging, which may indicate an enhanced degree of clearance of the injected tracers. Our results call for careful safety precautions when ultrasound sonication is desired among groups under elevated risks associated with a weakened or damaged vascular integrity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Incidence of Intracerebral Hemorrhaging Associated with the Application of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Following Acute Cerebrovascular Injury by Intracortical Injection

et al. 2022

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“…Rodent acquired epilepsy models include chemoconvulsants which typically increase excitation (e.g. Mouri et al., 2008) or reduce inhibition (Jiruska et al., 2010), electrical stimulation (Norwood et al., 2010) and traumatic brain injury (Santana‐Gomez et al., 2021). Some species, particularly mice and zebrafish (Grone & Baraban, 2015), are highly amenable to genetic manipulations, offering realistic whole brain models of developmental epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs; e.g.…”

Section: Epilepsy and Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross Talk opposing view: Animal models of epilepsy are more useful than human tissue‐based approaches

Richardson¹,

Morris

2022

The Journal of Physiology

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support-information-section). Epilepsy and modelsEpilepsy is one of the most common severe neurological diseases, affecting up to 70 million people worldwide (Ngugi et al., 2010). It is characterised by an imbalance of neuronal network excitation and inhibition which causes spontaneous recurrent seizures, as well as cognitive and psychiatric co-morbidities (Mula et al., 2021). The underlying pathophysiology varies between individuals and epilepsy types. It can be complex and multi-faceted, Gareth Morris completed his PhD at the University of Birmingham in 2014, studying network oscillations in epilepsy. He has since completed postdoc positions at the UCL Institute of Neurology and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, before winning a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship to study micoRNAs in epilepsy. In 2021 he started his own lab at University College London, developing a novel gene therapy approach with a Fellowship from Epilepsy Research UK.

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“…Santana-Gomez and collaborators [18] analyze and discuss the most widely used and best validated rodent models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with a particular focus on their contribution to the understanding of the post-traumatic epilepsy development. They also highlight the importance of these models for the study of neurobehavioral comorbidities associated with brain injury.…”

Section: Celebrating the Lasse 15th Editionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the special issue

Yacubian

Carrizosa

Cavalheiro

2021

Seizure

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Animal models of post-traumatic epilepsy and their neurobehavioral comorbidities

Cited by 6 publications

References 125 publications

High Incidence of Intracerebral Hemorrhaging Associated with the Application of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Following Acute Cerebrovascular Injury by Intracortical Injection

High Incidence of Intracerebral Hemorrhaging Associated with the Application of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Following Acute Cerebrovascular Injury by Intracortical Injection

Cross Talk opposing view: Animal models of epilepsy are more useful than human tissue‐based approaches

Introduction to the special issue

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