Animal Models of Rotator Cuff Injury and Repair: A Systematic Review

Zhao, Wanlu; Yang, Jinwei; Kang, Yuhao; Hu, Kaiyan; Jiao, Mingyue; Zhao, Bing; Jiang, Yanbiao; Liu, Chen; Ding, Fengxing; Yuan, Bo; Ma, Baochun; Zhang, Kai; Mikos, Antonios G.; Zhang, Xingdong

doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0034

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…First is the use of an animal model, which has some disadvantages. 34 Rats have a strong self-healing capability, which was the rationale for the silicone implant in our study. Despite possessing the closest resemblance to the anatomic structure of the human shoulder out of 33 animals, 50 there remain significant differences in muscle degeneration after chronic rotator cuff injury compared with humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Of all the models of chronic rotator cuff tearing, the rat is the most commonly utilized animal. 34 We adopted the chronic rotator cuff tear model introduced by Hashimoto et al by placing an implant over the greater tuberosity to prevent cuff reattachment and scar formation. 24 This is important because the rat has a tremendous capability to heal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study has several limitations. First is the use of an animal model, which has some disadvantages 34 . Rats have a strong self‐healing capability, which was the rationale for the silicone implant in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rotator cuff muscle fibrosis can be assessed using ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer MRI with fat suppression

Chang,

Suprana,

Tang

et al. 2023

NMR in Biomedicine

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Muscle degeneration following rotator cuff tendon tearing is characterized by fatty infiltration and fibrosis. While tools exist for the characterization of fat, the ability to noninvasively assess muscle fibrosis is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of quantitative ultrashort echo time T1 (UTE‐T1) and UTE magnetization transfer (UTE‐MT) mapping with and without fat suppression (FS) for the differentiation of injured and control rotator cuff muscles and for the detection of fibrosis. A rat model of chronic massive rotator cuff tearing (n = 12) was used with tenotomy of the right supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons and silicone implants to prevent healing. Imaging was performed on a 3‐T scanner, and UTE‐T1 mapping with and without FS and UTE‐MT with and without FS for macromolecular fraction (MMF) mapping was performed. At 20 weeks postinjury, T1 and MMF were measured in the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles of the injured and contralateral, internal control sides. Histology was performed and connective tissue fraction (CTF) was measured, defined as the area of collagen‐rich extracellular matrix divided by the total muscle area. Paired t‐tests and correlation analyses were performed. Significant differences between injured and control sides were found for CTF in the supraspinatus (mean ± SD, 14.5% ± 3.9% vs. 11.3% ± 3.7%, p = 0.01) and infraspinatus (17.0% ± 5.4% vs. 12.5% ± 4.6%, p < 0.01) muscles, as well as for MMF using UTE‐MT FS in the supraspinatus (9.7% ± 0.3% vs. 9.5% ± 0.2%, p = 0.04) and infraspinatus (10.9% ± 0.8% vs. 10.1% ± 0.5%, p < 0.01) muscles. No significant differences between sides were evident for T1 without or with FS or for MMF using UTE‐MT. Only MMF using UTE‐MT FS was significantly correlated with CTF for both supraspinatus (r = 0.46, p = 0.03) and infraspinatus (r = 0.51, p = 0.01) muscles. Fibrosis occurs in rotator cuff muscle degeneration, and the UTE‐MT FS technique may be helpful to evaluate the fibrosis component, independent from the fatty infiltration process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rotator cuff muscle fibrosis can be assessed using ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer MRI with fat suppression

Chang,

Suprana,

Tang

et al. 2023

NMR in Biomedicine

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“…Skeletally mature ewes (female; ≥3.5 years of age; Ovis aries ) are an appropriate large‐animal platform to examine trauma, degeneration, and/or repair of the rotator cuff as there are similarities in the size, structure, and function between the ovine infraspinatus tendon to the human supraspinatus tendon. Additionally, a sheep's body weight, bone mineral composition and structure, and metabolic and wound healing rates also closely approximate that of humans 88–90 . For these reasons, ovine models of the rotator cuff have continued to gain in popularity, (accounting for ≈10% of all animal studies in the shoulder 90 ) as either a basic science platform or as a model for the assessment of physiologically relevant sized musculoskeletal devices and/or comparable dosages of cellular and orthobiologic therapies intended for use in humans.…”

Section: Rotator Cuffmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…healing rates also closely approximate that of humans. [88][89][90] For these reasons, ovine models of the rotator cuff have continued to gain in popularity, (accounting for ≈10% of all animal studies in the shoulder 90 ) as either a basic science platform or as a model for the assessment of physiologically relevant sized musculoskeletal devices and/or comparable dosages of cellular and orthobiologic therapies intended for use in humans. However, some critical components of the anatomy of the sheep shoulder are different from humans, as sheep do not have an acromial arch, and the infraspinatus tendon is not intraarticular.…”

Section: Whatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical tendon and ligament models: Beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how)

Little

Amadio

Awad

et al. 2023

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Several tendon and ligament animal models were presented at the 2022 Orthopaedic Research Society Tendon Section Conference held at the University of Pennsylvania, May 5‐7, 2022. A key objective of the breakout sessions at this meeting was to develop guidelines for the field, including for preclinical tendon and ligament animal models. This review summarizes the perspectives of experts for eight surgical small and large animal models of rotator cuff tear, flexor tendon transection, anterior cruciate ligament tear, and Achilles tendon injury using the framework: “Why, Who, What, Where, When, and How” (5W1H). A notable conclusion is that the perfect tendon model does not exist; there is no single gold standard animal model that represents the totality of tendon and ligament disease. Each model has advantages and disadvantages and should be carefully considered in light of the specific research question. There are also circumstances when an animal model is not the best approach. The wide variety of tendon and ligament pathologies necessitates choices between small and large animal models, different anatomic sites, and a range of factors associated with each model during the planning phase. Attendees agreed on some guiding principles including: providing clear justification for the model selected, providing animal model details at publication, encouraging sharing of protocols and expertise, improving training of research personnel, and considering greater collaboration with veterinarians. A clear path for translating from animal models to clinical practice was also considered as a critical next step for accelerating progress in the tendon and ligament field.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Bioactive Patch for Rotator Cuff Repairing via Enhancing Tendon‐to‐Bone Healing: A Large Animal Study and Short‐Term Outcome of a Clinical Trial

Kang,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Tissue engineering has demonstrated its efficacy in promoting tissue regeneration, and extensive research has explored its application in rotator cuff (RC) tears. However, there remains a paucity of research translating from bench to clinic. A key challenge in RC repair is the healing of tendon–bone interface (TBI), for which bioactive materials suitable for interface repair are still lacking. The umbilical cord (UC), which serves as a vital repository of bioactive components in nature, is emerging as an important source of tissue engineering materials. A minimally manipulated approach is used to fabricate UC scaffolds that retain a wealth of bioactive components and cytokines. The scaffold demonstrates the ability to modulate the TBI healing microenvironment by facilitating cell proliferation, migration, suppressing inflammation, and inducing chondrogenic differentiation. This foundation sets the stage for in vivo validation and clinical translation. Following implantation of UC scaffolds in the canine model, comprehensive assessments, including MRI and histological analysis confirm their efficacy in inducing TBI reconstruction. Encouraging short‐term clinical results further suggest the ability of UC scaffolds to effectively enhance RC repair. This investigation explores the mechanisms underlying the promotion of TBI repair by UC scaffolds, providing key insights for clinical application and translational research.

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Animal Models of Rotator Cuff Injury and Repair: A Systematic Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 103 publications

Rotator cuff muscle fibrosis can be assessed using ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer MRI with fat suppression

Rotator cuff muscle fibrosis can be assessed using ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer MRI with fat suppression

Preclinical tendon and ligament models: Beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how)

Bioactive Patch for Rotator Cuff Repairing via Enhancing Tendon‐to‐Bone Healing: A Large Animal Study and Short‐Term Outcome of a Clinical Trial

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