Animal Models of the Alcohol Addiction Process

Grant, Kathleen A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-78435-4_9

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Nevertheless, investigation of alcohol reinforcement early in ontogeny has been limited, inasmuch as operant and Pavlovian testing procedures commonly employed for adult animals (Grant, 1995;Samson, 1987) are inappropriate for newborn subjects. Attempts to modify these procedures for infant rats have been only moderately successful (Dominguez et al, 1993;Lee et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol as a Reinforcer in the Newborn's First Suckling Experience

Cheslock

Petrov

Silveri

et al. 2001

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol as a Reinforcer in the Newborn's First Suckling Experience

Cheslock

Petrov

Silveri

et al. 2001

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…Over several decades, numerous rodent and primate models have been employed to study the relationship between alcohol dependence, experience with withdrawal, and subsequent self-administration behavior (Cappell & LeBlanc 1981; Grant 1995). Early studies generally yielded equivocal findings (Begleiter 1975; Deutsch & Koopmans 1973; Hunter et al 1974; Myers et al 1972; Numan 1981; Samson & Falk 1974; Schulteis et al 1996; Winger 1988), but this was most likely due to procedures that did not sufficiently establish the reinforcing effects of alcohol prior to dependence induction.…”

Section: Modeling Human Withdrawal Phenotypes In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

REVIEW: Acute withdrawal, protracted abstinence and negative affect in alcoholism: are they linked?

et al. 2010

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The role of withdrawal-related phenomena in development and maintenance of alcohol addiction remains under debate. A “self-medication” framework postulates that emotional changes are induced by a history of alcohol use, persist into abstinence, and are a major factor in maintaining alcoholism. This view initially focused on negative emotional states during early withdrawal: these are pronounced, occur in the vast majority of alcohol dependent patients, and are characterized by depressed mood and elevated anxiety. This concept lost popularity with the realization that, in most patients, these symptoms abate over 3 – 6 weeks of abstinence, while relapse risk persists long beyond this period. More recently, animal data have established that a prolonged history of alcohol dependence induces more subtle neuroadaptations. These confer altered emotional processing that persists long into protracted abstinence. The resulting behavioral phenotype is characterized by excessive voluntary alcohol intake and increased behavioral sensitivity to stress. Emerging human data support the clinical relevance of negative emotionality for protracted abstinence and relapse. These developments prompt a series of research questions: 1) Are processes observed during acute withdrawal, while transient in nature, mechanistically related to those that remain during protracted abstinence? 2) Is susceptibility to negative emotionality in acute withdrawal in part due to heritable factors, similar to what animal models have indicated for susceptibility to physical aspects of withdrawal? 3) To what extent is susceptibility to negative affect that persists into protracted abstinence heritable?

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“…As a consequence, multiple attempts to induce high levels of alcohol drinking in rats and mice have been conceived and developed. These procedures include selective breeding, initial forced alcohol exposure, sweetening of the alcohol solution, and induction of physical dependence (see Gilpin et al., 2008; Grant, 1995; Lovinger and Crabbe, 2005; Rodd et al., 2004; Wolffgramm and Heyne, 1995). These procedures have often resulted in subsequent levels of spontaneous alcohol intake producing measurable psychopharmacological effects, including – for instance – anxiolysis (e.g., Colombo et al., 1995; Costall et al., 1988; Gallate et al., 2003; Kudryavtseva et al., 2006; Martín‐García and Pallarès, 2005; Pandey et al., 2005) and locomotor stimulation (e.g., Agabio et al., 2001; Bell et al., 2002; Melendez et al., 2002; Päivärinta and Korpi, 1993) in rats and mice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%