Abstract:The objectives were to: 1) evaluate the potential of the animal performance on Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça (mombaça guinea grass) pasture during dry season, and 2) determine the effects of protein or protein-energy supplementation on liveweight gain of steers grazing guinea grass pasture. A complete randomized block design was employed with three treatments and three replicates. Treatments included non-supplemented animals (NS) and animals supplemented with protein (PS) or protein-energy (PES), provided at 0.1… Show more
“…The adoption of this technique does not cause loss in ruminal fermentation, because ruminants have the ability to recycle the ammonia that is absorbed in the rumen, which consists in conserving the nitrogen for a period of time with adequate levels of this compost in the ruminal environment, with supply intervals above one day (Canesin et al, 2007; Fernandes et al, 2016. The average of ADG for the animals that received proteinenergy mineral supplement, at level of 0.25% of BW, was of 858 g/day; well above of those found by Simioni et al (2009) and Araujo et al (2017), 238 g and 460 g respectively. When evaluating the performance of animals that received only mineral supplementation, it was observed of ADG of 434 g/day, superior to the gain of 250 g/day observed by Araujo et al (2017) and Simioni et al (2009), where in this case, the animals that received mineral supplement lost 107 g/day.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 63%
“…The average of ADG for the animals that received proteinenergy mineral supplement, at level of 0.25% of BW, was of 858 g/day; well above of those found by Simioni et al (2009) and Araujo et al (2017), 238 g and 460 g respectively. When evaluating the performance of animals that received only mineral supplementation, it was observed of ADG of 434 g/day, superior to the gain of 250 g/day observed by Araujo et al (2017) and Simioni et al (2009), where in this case, the animals that received mineral supplement lost 107 g/day. The high levels of supply and quality of pastures, probably, contributed to the superior performance in this study.…”
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the frequency of provision of protein energy supplementation on pasture during the dry period of the year on the performance of Nelore steers in rearing phase. FAZU teaching school conducted the experiment from July to September 2017. Twenty-two animals of the Nelore breed, aged 12 months and mean initial weight of 232.22 (± 20) kg, modules of 2 ha each, subdivided in six paddocks of Panicum maximum cultivars Mombaça and Tanzânia. The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC) and the averages were compared by the Tukey test at 5% significance. There was no significant difference between the three frequencies of supply of energy protein supplementation, in relation to the average daily weight gain, which were 837; 881 and 855g, at the frequencies of 7; 5 and 3 times per week, respectively. However, there was a significant difference (P <0.05) for the mean daily weight gain between the treatment in which the animals received mineral supplementation (434g), which was lower than the treatments in which the animals were fed with protein energy supplement at the level of 0.25% of body weight. In conclusion, during the period and in the evaluation conditions of this experiment, there was no difference in the effect of the frequency of supply of a protein energy supplement in the supply level of 0.25% of the animals' body weight. The average daily gain was higher for the animals that received the protein energy supplement compared to those supplemented with mineral. Five times a week supplementation obtained the best economic benefit among the evaluated frequencies.
“…The adoption of this technique does not cause loss in ruminal fermentation, because ruminants have the ability to recycle the ammonia that is absorbed in the rumen, which consists in conserving the nitrogen for a period of time with adequate levels of this compost in the ruminal environment, with supply intervals above one day (Canesin et al, 2007; Fernandes et al, 2016. The average of ADG for the animals that received proteinenergy mineral supplement, at level of 0.25% of BW, was of 858 g/day; well above of those found by Simioni et al (2009) and Araujo et al (2017), 238 g and 460 g respectively. When evaluating the performance of animals that received only mineral supplementation, it was observed of ADG of 434 g/day, superior to the gain of 250 g/day observed by Araujo et al (2017) and Simioni et al (2009), where in this case, the animals that received mineral supplement lost 107 g/day.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 63%
“…The average of ADG for the animals that received proteinenergy mineral supplement, at level of 0.25% of BW, was of 858 g/day; well above of those found by Simioni et al (2009) and Araujo et al (2017), 238 g and 460 g respectively. When evaluating the performance of animals that received only mineral supplementation, it was observed of ADG of 434 g/day, superior to the gain of 250 g/day observed by Araujo et al (2017) and Simioni et al (2009), where in this case, the animals that received mineral supplement lost 107 g/day. The high levels of supply and quality of pastures, probably, contributed to the superior performance in this study.…”
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the frequency of provision of protein energy supplementation on pasture during the dry period of the year on the performance of Nelore steers in rearing phase. FAZU teaching school conducted the experiment from July to September 2017. Twenty-two animals of the Nelore breed, aged 12 months and mean initial weight of 232.22 (± 20) kg, modules of 2 ha each, subdivided in six paddocks of Panicum maximum cultivars Mombaça and Tanzânia. The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC) and the averages were compared by the Tukey test at 5% significance. There was no significant difference between the three frequencies of supply of energy protein supplementation, in relation to the average daily weight gain, which were 837; 881 and 855g, at the frequencies of 7; 5 and 3 times per week, respectively. However, there was a significant difference (P <0.05) for the mean daily weight gain between the treatment in which the animals received mineral supplementation (434g), which was lower than the treatments in which the animals were fed with protein energy supplement at the level of 0.25% of body weight. In conclusion, during the period and in the evaluation conditions of this experiment, there was no difference in the effect of the frequency of supply of a protein energy supplement in the supply level of 0.25% of the animals' body weight. The average daily gain was higher for the animals that received the protein energy supplement compared to those supplemented with mineral. Five times a week supplementation obtained the best economic benefit among the evaluated frequencies.
“…From the nutritional point of view, various pieces of evidence support the assertion that the transition of dry-rainy season provided better nutritional uptake from the pasture, as demonstrated by the higher accumulation rate and higher leaf percentage (Table 1). A previous study in the same experimental area (Araújo et al, 2017) had already pointed to the rapid improvement in the leaf and CP contents and digestibility of Mombaça grass pastures when significant rainfall occurred from September onwards. Reports also exist stating that, in the transition of dry-rainy, forages would not be considered deficient in nitrogen, showing CP contents close to 100 g/kg DM (Detmann and Valadares Filho, 2010).…”
The objective was to examine the effect of two short-term proteinenergy supplementation (STPES) strategies at the rearing phase on the performance of Nellore calves grazing on Mombaça or Marandu grasses. The experiment used 72 calves (7-mo old, 229±3.0 kg body weight [BW]) allotted in a completely randomized block design to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: two forage cultivars (Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça vs. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) and two STPES (WEAN -STPES immediately after weaning vs. TRAN -STPES in the transition of dryrainy). The WEAN animals received 1 kg day −1 (n = 36) of a protein-energy supplement, whereas TRAN animals were subjected to STPES at 2 g/kg BW day −1 (n = 36), both for 53 days. Every 28 days, calves were weighed to measure performance, and pastures were sampled to evaluate productive and structural traits. Growth performance was analyzed considering a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 arrangement of treatment, whereas forage responses included repeated measures. Marandu had a higher forage mass (3,586 kg) than Mombaça (2,890 kg), but there was no difference in forage mass in each cultivar between preconditioning periods. The nutritional composition of Marandu and Mombaça cultivars did not differ and had similar results of in vitro fermentation variables. Stocking rate was higher for WEAN, in the Mombaça pastures. The STPES at weaning on Marandu provided greater gains per area. When applied in the period following the weaning and coinciding with the dry season, the STPES improves the performance of newly weaned calves kept on Marandu and Mombaça grasses.
“… 37 , but greater than that obtained by Araújo et al . 38 during the dry season. Figure 4 Monthly rainfall and minimum, average and maximum temperatures from September 2011 to July 2012, and historical 18-year (1999–2017) means of rainfall and medium temperature.…”
Nitrogen fertilization has been recognized as an essential tool towards the establishment of sustainable intensification of pasture-based livestock systems using tropical perennial grasses if, for a given ecosystem it is capable of increasing forage growth, stocking rates and animal performance. This study assessed pasture growth traits, nutritive value, animal and economic responses of Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça guinea grass pastures subjected to different levels of N fertilization (100 (N100), 200 (N200), and 300 (N300) kg N ha−1 yr−1). Pastures were managed under rotational stocking to maintain similar pre (80–90 cm) and post-grazing (45 cm) canopy heights. A partial budget and a Benefit–Cost Analysis were used to assess the economic returns on increasing N fertilization. N300 resulted in greater post-grazing herbage mass. A slightly higher neutral fiber and acid lignin detergent was observed at N100 (P < 0.05); crude protein increased linearly, and in vitro digestible organic matter reached maximum value at 265.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Annual averages of animal weight gain were 515, 590 and 660 g d−1, respectively, for N100, N200 and N300. There was a decrease from 3.7 to 1.9 kg of body weight gain per kg of additional N applied when increasing N rates from 100 to 200 and from 100 to 300 kg ha−1. The net profit improved with increasing N levels, but at reducing rates, reaching its maximum at the N300 level. The change from 100 to 200 kg N ha−1 presented the best return, with USD 3.73 for each additional dollar invested, while the change from 200 kg N ha−1 to 300 kg N ha−1 was economically less than optimal, recouping only USD 1.60 for each dollar. The N300 rate presented the highest net profit per hectare (accounting profit), even in a pessimist scenario (25% reduction in production). Despite being profitable, the N300 rate was less than optimal from an economic standpoint, since an additional 100 kg of Nitrogen ha−1 to change from N200 to N300 level reduced both the net returns and the Benefit–Cost ratio. Our results suggest that the economically optimal level of N fertilization for Mombaça guinea grass pasture should be between 200 and 300 kg ha−1.
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