Animal production and genetic resources in Guinea Bissau: II–Tombali province

Almeida, André M.; Cardoso, Luís Alfaro

doi:10.1007/s11250-008-9131-8

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Ainsi, dans la région de Louga au Sénégal, chez les pasteurs peuls, il y a autant de caprins que de moutons abattus à la Tabaski (Faugère et al, 1990). A cette dimension religieuse des chèvres s'ajoute leur exploitation lors d'événements sociaux comme les mariages, la circoncision, les funérailles, les baptêmes et la réception d'hôtes de marque ou de parents (Missohou et al, 2000 ;Gnanda, 2008 ;Almeida et Cardoso, 2008a ;Almeida et Cardoso, 2008b).…”

Section: Importance Socioculturelle Et Religieuseunclassified

“…La mise au piquet le matin et l'abreuvement deux à trois fois par jour sont à la charge des femmes. Les animaux passent la nuit dans des bergeries sur pilotis, dans un enclos ou sous un toit (Missohou et al, 2000 ;Jaitner et al, 2001 ;Almeida et Cardoso, 2008b). Aucun effort d'administration des soins vétérinaires (Mathewman, 1980 ;Jaitner et al, 2001 ;Ly et al, 2010) et de gestion de la reproduction n'est observé (Mathewman, 1980 ;Moulin et al, 1994 ;Waelti et al, 2003).…”

Section: Zones Agroécologiquesunclassified

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Elevage caprin en Afrique de l’Ouest : une synthèse

Missohou

Nahimana²,

Ayssiwede

et al. 2016

Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop.

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L’Afrique de l’Ouest, avec 37,2 % du cheptel caprin continental, est l’un des principaux bassins d’élevage de cette espèce au rôle socio-économique particulièrement important. La chèvre est élevée dans des zones agroécologiques et dans des systèmes variés, mais elle est surtout présente dans les régions les plus arides où elle joue un rôle de subsistance et de sécurisation des systèmes agraires de premier plan. Les systèmes d’élevage sont surtout traditionnels (pastoral, agropastoral et sédentaire) et accessoirement périurbains. La productivité des élevages caprins est faible. L’âge à la première mise bas est en moyenne de 15,3 mois pour un intervalle entre mises bas moyen de 295,8 jours et une prolificité de 1,46. Celle-ci est cependant plus élevée chez la chèvre naine où elle peut atteindre 1,85. La mortalité présevrage des chevreaux est très élevée et constitue l’une des principales contraintes de l’élevage caprin en Afrique de l’Ouest. Elle est due aux pneumopathies, en particulier à la peste des petits ruminants, et aux parasitoses gastro-intestinales. Les performances de croissance sont également faibles avec des poids moyens à 12 mois d’âge ne dépassant 20 kg que chez quelques rares types génétiques. Pour améliorer la productivité en élevage caprin il a été proposé : a) de réduire la mortalité présevrage en mettant un accent particulier sur la lutte contre les parasitoses gastro-intestinales, b) de mettre en place une complémentation stratégique basée sur une utilisation digestive optimale d’aliments grossiers, et c) de développer des programmes d’amélioration génétique faisant appel à la gestion communautaire de base dans un contexte socioprofessionnel renforcé.

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Section: Importance Socioculturelle Et Religieuseunclassified

Section: Zones Agroécologiquesunclassified

Elevage caprin en Afrique de l’Ouest : une synthèse

Missohou

Nahimana²,

Ayssiwede

et al. 2016

Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop.

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“…During the dry season, animals tend to lose weight in a phenomenon called Seasonal Weight Loss (SWL) that leads to significant decreases in productive and reproductive parameters and therefore in the income and food security of local populations. SWL is in fact considered to be one of the major drawbacks of animal production in the tropics as we have demonstrated in Western [ 1 ][ 2 ] and Southern Africa [ 3 ][ 4 ], as well as Western Australia [ 5 ][ 6 ] and the Canary Islands [ 7 ][ 8 ]. To counter SWL, farmers either use supplementation which is expensive and difficult to implement in remote regions or developing countries [ 9 ] or alternatively use breeds that over the course of domestication and selection have become naturally tolerant to SWL, such as the fat tailed sheep breeds in Eastern and Southern Africa [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Goat (Capra hircus) Mammary Gland Mitochondrial Proteome: A Study on the Effect of Weight Loss Using Blue-Native PAGE and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

et al. 2016

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Seasonal weight loss (SWL) is the most important limitation to animal production in the Tropical and Mediterranean regions, conditioning producer’s incomes and the nutritional status of rural communities. It is of importance to produce strategies to oppose adverse effects of SWL. Breeds that have evolved in harsh climates have acquired tolerance to SWL through selection. Most of the factors determining such ability are related to changes in biochemical pathways as affected by SWL. In this study, a gel based proteomics strategy (BN: Blue-Native Page and 2DE: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis) was used to characterize the mitochondrial proteome of the secretory tissue of the goat mammary gland. In addition, we have conducted an investigation of the effects of weight loss in two goat breeds with different levels of adaptation to nutritional stress: Majorera (tolerant) and Palmera (susceptible). The study used Majorera and Palmera dairy goats, divided in 4 sets, 2 for each breed: underfed group fed on wheat straw (restricted diet, so their body weight would be 15–20% reduced by the end of experiment), and a control group fed with an energy-balanced diet. At the end of the experimental period (22 days), mammary gland biopsies were obtained for all experimental groups. The proteomic analysis of the mitochondria enabled the resolution of a total of 277 proteins, and 148 (53%) were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Some of the proteins were identified as subunits of the glutamate dehydrogenase complex and the respiratory complexes I, II, IV, V from mitochondria, as well as numerous other proteins with functions in: metabolism, development, localization, cellular organization and biogenesis, biological regulation, response to stimulus, among others, that were mapped in both BN and 2DE gels. The comparative proteomics analysis enabled the identification of several proteins: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit and lamin B1 mitochondrial (up-regulated in the Palmera breed), Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 (up-regulated in the Majorera breed) and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial and Chain D, Bovine F1-C8 Sub-Complex Of Atp Synthase (down-regulated in the Majorera breed) as a consequence of weight loss.

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“…Animal production in the tropics and the Mediterranean is strongly affected by pasture scarcity and quality during the dry summer and autumn months, leading to Seasonal Weight Loss (SWL), as we have demonstrated in South Africa34, Western Africa56, Western Australia7 and the Canary Islands89. To counter the effects of SWL, farmers use supplementation to balance the nutritional needs of the animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

The hepatic and skeletal muscle ovine metabolomes as affected by weight loss: a study in three sheep breeds using NMR-metabolomics

Palma

Scanlon²,

Kilminster³

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Sheep are a valuable resource for meat and wool production. During the dry summer, pastures are scarce and animals face Seasonal Weight Loss (SWL), which decreases production yields. The study of breeds tolerant to SWL is important to understand the physiological mechanisms of tolerance to nutritional scarcity, and define breeding strategies. Merino, Damara and Dorper sheep breeds have been described as having different levels of tolerance to SWL. In this work, we assess their liver and muscle metabolomes, and compare the responses to feed restriction. Ram lambs from each breed were divided into growth and feed restricted groups, over 42 days. Tissue metabolomes were assessed by 1H-NMR. The Dorper restricted group showed few changes in both tissues, suggesting higher tolerance to nutritional scarcity. The Merinos exhibited more differences between treatment groups. Major differences were related to fat and protein mobilization, and antioxidant activity. Between the Damara groups, the main differences were observed in amino acid composition in muscle and in energy-related pathways in the liver. Integration of present results and previous data on the same animals support the hypothesis that, Dorper and Damara breeds are more tolerant to SWL conditions and thus, more suitable breeds for harsh environmental conditions.

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Animal production and genetic resources in Guinea Bissau: II–Tombali province

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Elevage caprin en Afrique de l’Ouest : une synthèse

Elevage caprin en Afrique de l’Ouest : une synthèse

The Goat (Capra hircus) Mammary Gland Mitochondrial Proteome: A Study on the Effect of Weight Loss Using Blue-Native PAGE and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

The hepatic and skeletal muscle ovine metabolomes as affected by weight loss: a study in three sheep breeds using NMR-metabolomics

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