Animal RNA Viruses: Genome Structure and Function

Shatkin, Aaron J.

doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.43.070174.003235

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 173 publications

(261 reference statements)

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“…Second, AMP residues may be added sequentially to the 3' ends of RNA chains in the absence of a poly(U) template, presumably by an enzyme similar to that reported by Edmonds and Abrams (22). Such post-transcriptional modification has been suggested for adenylylation of mRNAs isolated from eukaryotic cells as well as from cells infected with DNA-or RNA-containing viruses (23)(24)(25)(26). Third, virion-associated transcriptase may synthesize poly(A) by repeated transcription of short tracts of uridine residues in the RNA template by a mechanism similar to that reported in the E. coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase system (27), where the enzyme synthesizes poly(A) from ATP by slipping on oligo(dT) sequences in the denatured DNA template in vitro.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Synthesis of RNA That Contains Polyadenylate by Virion-Associated RNA Polymerase of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Banerjee¹,

Rhodes²

1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The RNA synthesized in vitro by the virion-associated RNA-instrueted RNA polymerase of purified vesicular stomatitis virus contains polyadenylate sequences. These have been demonstrated by their partial resistance to pancreatic and T, ribonucleases and their capacity to bind to poly(U) filters and oligo(dT)-cellulose. The polyadenylate sequences range in apparent size from 50 to 200 bases, similar to the size of the poly(A) in mRNA from vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells. Possible mechanisms of polyadenylylation of the in vitro RNA pi oduct are discussed.Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a bullet-shaped, membrane-maturing virus belonging to the rhabdovirus group (1). The genome of VSV consists of a single-stranded RNA with a molecular weight of approximately 4 X 106 (2, 3). Upon treatment of purified virions with nonionic detergents, an RNA polymerase is activated that, in the presence of four ribonucleoside triphosphates, synthesizes RNA species complementary to the genome RNA (4). These RNAs (referred to as product RNA) are smaller than the VSV genome RNA and include several RNA species, ranging in molecular weights from 2 to 10 X 10w, that are partially resolved by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels (5). However, the product RNA contains sequences that are representative of the entire genome (6). The RNA isolated from polysomes of infected cells also corresponds in size to the RNA synthesized in vitro (7-11), except that an additional 28S virus-specific singlestranded RNA is present (8,11

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Synthesis of RNA That Contains Polyadenylate by Virion-Associated RNA Polymerase of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Banerjee¹,

Rhodes²

1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Many animal viruses contain RNA polymerases that synthesize mRNA by transcribing the viral genome (1). The mRNAs of several viruses were recently found to be methylated when synthesized in the presence of the methyl donor, S-adenosylmethionine (SAdoMet).…”

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confidence: 99%

Reovirus messenger RNA contains a methylated, blocked 5'-terminal structure: m-7G(5')ppp(5')G-MpCp-.

Furuichi¹,

Morgan²,

Muthukrishnan³

et al. 1975

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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311

145

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“…The d a t a reported in this paper lead us to two t e n t a t i v e conclusions: i) Bluegill virus can be identified as a ribovirus of positive-strand genome p o l a r i t y according to currently accepted definitions (1,15). Indeed, and as shown in this investigation, BGV virions lack detectable virion associated transcriptase activity whereas BGV R N A is infectious and has 3'-terminal poly (A) sequences.…”

Section: Diseussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Indeed, as BGV R N A contains poly (A), and according to S~ATKI~- (15), this virus could belong either to class 1 or to class 4. However, it should be included in the former class rather t h a n the l a t t e r for the following reasons : i) it is not oncogenic as far as we know, ii) its replication is insensitive to aetinomycin D (2), iii) it contains a singlestranded continuous R N A (12), and iv) its R N A is infectious.…”

Section: Diseussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bluegill virus is a ribovirus of positive-strand polarity

Robin

Larivière-Durand

1983

Archives of Virology

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RNA was extracted from purified Bluegill virus (BGV) and fractionated onto a poly (U)-Sepharose-4 B column. More than 70 per cent of this RNA became bound and could be subsequently eluted from the column. By polynucleotide phosphorylase digestion, the poly (A) sequences were located at the 3'-terminus of the RNA. This RNA and purified BGV RNA were infectious as shown by plaque assay titration of the virus produced. Furthermore, we were unable to detect RNA polymerase activity in preparations of BGV. These results indicate that the genome in the BGV particle is a positive-strand RNA.

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Animal RNA Viruses: Genome Structure and Function

Cited by 48 publications

References 173 publications

In Vitro Synthesis of RNA That Contains Polyadenylate by Virion-Associated RNA Polymerase of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

In Vitro Synthesis of RNA That Contains Polyadenylate by Virion-Associated RNA Polymerase of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Reovirus messenger RNA contains a methylated, blocked 5'-terminal structure: m-7G(5')ppp(5')G-MpCp-.

Bluegill virus is a ribovirus of positive-strand polarity

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