Animal-shaped toys as therapeutic tools for patients with severe dementia

Nakajima, Koji; Nakamura, Kanako; Yonemitsu, S.; Oikawa, Daisuke; Ito, Akira; Higashi, Yuji; Fujimoto, Toshiro; Nambu, Aiko; Tamura, Toshiyo

doi:10.1109/iembs.2001.1019665

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Thus, the alternative of replacing real animals with animal-shaped objects became an object of investigation (Nakajima et al, 2001 ). In recent years, social robots have been also used as reasonable substitutes for animals in therapy for people suffering from dementia (Wada et al, 2008 ; Shibata, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social robots in advanced dementia

Valentí-Soler¹,

Agüera-Ortíz

Rodríguez³

et al. 2015

Front. Aging Neurosci.

165

255

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Aims: Pilot studies applying a humanoid robot (NAO), a pet robot (PARO) and a real animal (DOG) in therapy sessions of patients with dementia in a nursing home and a day care center.Methods:In the nursing home, patients were assigned by living units, based on dementia severity, to one of the three parallel therapeutic arms to compare: CONTROL, PARO and NAO (Phase 1) and CONTROL, PARO, and DOG (Phase 2). In the day care center, all patients received therapy with NAO (Phase 1) and PARO (Phase 2). Therapy sessions were held 2 days per week during 3 months. Evaluation, at baseline and follow-up, was carried out by blind raters using: the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), the Severe Mini Mental State Examination (sMMSE), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), the Apathy Scale for Institutionalized Patients with Dementia Nursing Home version (APADEM-NH), the Apathy Inventory (AI) and the Quality of Life Scale (QUALID). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests performed by a blinded investigator.Results: In the nursing home, 101 patients (Phase 1) and 110 patients (Phase 2) were included. There were no significant differences at baseline. The relevant changes at follow-up were: (Phase 1) patients in the robot groups showed an improvement in apathy; patients in NAO group showed a decline in cognition as measured by the MMSE scores, but not the sMMSE; the robot groups showed no significant changes between them; (Phase 2) QUALID scores increased in the PARO group. In the day care center, 20 patients (Phase 1) and 17 patients (Phase 2) were included. The main findings were: (Phase 1) improvement in the NPI irritability and the NPI total score; (Phase 2) no differences were observed at follow-up.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social robots in advanced dementia

Valentí-Soler¹,

Agüera-Ortíz

Rodríguez³

et al. 2015

Front. Aging Neurosci.

165

255

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They concluded that there are therapeutic gains associated with the use of doll therapy for people with 'severe dementia' and that its use helped to reduce a range of behaviour that challenges, such as 'anxiety, aggression and wandering'. Nakajima et al (2001) engaged in a similar study in Japan using animalshaped toys instead of dolls. However, the authors state that they carried out this study in response to the practical difficulties of assessing the use of pet therapy in dementia and do not provide any theoretical underpinnings to their study, despite the results appearing favourable.…”

Section: Figure 2 'Babyloid' Dolls Have Eyelids and Mouths That Movementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Description of dolls used in practice Nakajima et al (2001) Three animal-shaped toys: a gorilla, a tiger and a dog Gibson (2005) 'Baby is a cute battery-operated doll purchased in the toy department of a local store'…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The therapeutic use of doll therapy in dementia

Mitchell¹,

O’Donnell

2013

Br J Nurs

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Over the next 15 years, the number of people with dementia in the UK will increase significantly. There are clear limitations associated with the sole use of pharmacological interventions to address the cognitive decline and related problems that people with dementia and their carers will experience. As a result, health professionals, including nurses, need to consider the development and use of nonpharmacological therapies to help resolve the distress and decline in social function that people with dementia can experience. The use of doll therapy in dementia care appears to be increasing, even though there is limited empirical evidence to support its use and therapeutic effectiveness. It is suggested by advocates of doll therapy that its use can alleviate distress and promote comfort in some people with dementia. Despite these encouraging claims, the theoretical basis for the use of doll therapy in dementia is poorly understood and morally questionable. The purpose of this article is to provide healthcare professionals with a succinct overview of the theory behind the therapeutic use of dolls for people with dementia, a presentation and appraisal of the available empirical evidence and an appreciation of the potential ethical dilemmas that are involved.

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“…Many ambient intelligence systems (e.g., Aarts, Hartwig & Schuurmans, 2001) include devices that monitor elderly persons. In settings where humans interact intensively with these systems, such as cuddle bots for dementia patients (e.g., Nakajima et al, 2001), the system can combine the data gathered from these devices with Silicon Coppélia to maintain a model of the emotional state of the user. This can enable the system to adapt the type of interaction to the user's needs.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Women Think Robots Perceive Them – as if Robots were Men

Pontier

Hoorn

2013

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence

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Abstract:In previous studies, we developed an empirical account of user engagement with software agents. We formalized this model, tested it for internal consistency, and implemented it into a series of software agents to have them build up an affective relationship with their users. In addition, we equipped the agents with a module for affective decision-making, as well as the capability to generate a series of emotions (e.g., joy and anger). As follow-up of a successful pilot study with real users, the current paper employs a non-naïve version of a Turing Test to compare an agent's affective performance with that of a human. We compared the performance of an agent equipped with our cognitive model to the performance of a human that controlled the agent in a Wizard of Oz condition during a speed-dating experiment in which participants were told they were dealing with a robot in both conditions. Participants did not detect any differences between the two conditions in the emotions the agent experienced and in the way he supposedly perceived the participants. As is, our model can be used for designing believable virtual agents or humanoid robots on the surface level of emotion expression.

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Animal-shaped toys as therapeutic tools for patients with severe dementia

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Social robots in advanced dementia

Social robots in advanced dementia

The therapeutic use of doll therapy in dementia

How Women Think Robots Perceive Them – as if Robots were Men

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