Animal tests for anxiety-like and depression-like behavior in rats

Abstract

An animal model of human behavior represents a complex of cognitive and/or emotional processess, which are translated from animals to humans. A behavioral test is developed primarily and specifically to verify and support a theory of cognition or emotion; it can also be used to verify a theory of a psychopathology, but it is not developed for a particular type of psychopathology. The paper reviews tests commonly used in novel drug discovery research. Focus is especially on tests which can evaluate anxiety-like (openfield test, novelty suppressed feeding, elevated plus maze, light/dark box, stressinduced hyperthermia) and depression-like behaviors (forced swim test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test) as they represent an important methodological tool in pre-clinical as well as in behavioral toxicology studies.

Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of Hedyotis corymbosa extract on chronic stress-induced depression model of rat-A in vivo and ex vivo study

“…We observed that the extracts treatment exhibited protective effect against depression and prevented the hormone dysregulation. Depression induced rats showed reduced sucrose preference, rearing, crossing and increased immobility time, which agrees with findings of other researchers (Belovicova et al 2017;Liu et al 2013). These results serve as evidence for the successfulness in induction of Neuroendocrine disorder is closely associated with stress induced depression.…”

The Antidepressant Effect of Chlorella vulgaris on Female Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Treatment

“…This was different from the group with per oral treatment, all of which showed a decline (F=28.576; df=4.18; p<0.01). Immobile behaviour on FST indicates despair in rodents when it realized its effort to escape from the tank is in vain, and this behaviour constitutes synonymous behaviour observed in depressed humans (Belovicova et al, 2017). Amitriptyline treatment as an antidepressant caused a decrease in the duration of immobility.…”

Effects of low‐dose chlorpyrifos on neurobehavior and potential mechanisms: A review of studies in rodents, zebrafish, and Caenorhabditis elegans

“…Both male and female rats showed increased depression as measured by a preference for water rather than chocolate milk. There was no depression detected in mice treated from GD 14-17 after assessment using the forced swim test (Belovicova, Bogi, Csatlosova, & Dubovicky, 2017;Venerosi et al, 2010) (Table S3).…”