Animal use for science in Europe

Daneshian, Mardas; Busquet, François; Hartung, Thomas; Leist, Marcel

doi:10.14573/altex.1509081

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 97 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since 1995, 11 million animals per year were used for research purposes in the EU, an average of 2.5 million in Germany alone, with an upward trend . Ophthalmological research also frequently uses laboratory animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

iNOS‐inhibitor driven neuroprotection in a porcine retina organ culture model

Hurst

Mueller‐Buehl

Hofmann

et al. 2020

J Cellular Molecular Medi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since 1995, 11 million animals per year were used for research purposes in the EU, an average of 2.5 million in Germany alone, with an upward trend. 1 Ophthalmological research also frequently uses laboratory animals. An important field of research is the understanding of retinal degeneration, as its causes are not yet fully understood preventing successful treatment.In the last years, we developed retinal organ culture models, to test new therapies without euthanasia of laboratory animals. [2][3][4][5] These models are based on porcine retinae, which can be obtained as a waste product from the food industry. The morphology and AbstractNitrite oxide plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various retinal diseases, especially when hypoxic processes are involved. This degeneration can be simulated by incubating porcine retinal explants with CoCl 2 . Here, the therapeutic potential of iNOS-inhibitor 1400W was evaluated. Degeneration through CoCl 2 and treatment with the 1400W were applied simultaneously to porcine retinae explants.Three groups were compared: control, CoCl 2 , and CoCl 2 + iNOS-inhibitor (1400W).At days 4 and 8, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), bipolar, and amacrine cells were analysed. Furthermore, the influence on the glia cells and different stress markers were evaluated. Treatment with CoCl 2 resulted in a significant loss of RGCs already after 4 days, which was counteracted by the iNOS-inhibitor. Expression of HIF-1α and its downstream targets confirmed the effective treatment with 1400W. After 8 days, the CoCl 2 group displayed a significant loss in amacrine cells and also a drastic reduction in bipolar cells was observed, which was prevented by 1400W. The decrease in microglia could not be prevented by the inhibitor. CoCl 2 induces strong degeneration in porcine retinae by mimicking hypoxia, damaging certain retinal cell types.Treatment with the iNOS-inhibitor counteracted these effects to some extent, by preventing loss of retinal ganglion and bipolar cells. Hence, this inhibitor seems to be a very promising treatment for retinal diseases. K E Y W O R D S hypoxia, iNOS-inhibitor 1400W, organ culture, retina, retinal ganglion cells | 4313 HURST eT al. How to cite this article: Hurst J, Mueller-Buehl AM, Hofmann L, et al. iNOS-inhibitor driven neuroprotection in a porcine retina organ culture model. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24:4312-4323. https://doi.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

iNOS‐inhibitor driven neuroprotection in a porcine retina organ culture model

Hurst

Mueller‐Buehl

Hofmann

et al. 2020

J Cellular Molecular Medi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the percentage of animals used for fundamental biological research has increased sharply from 38 to 46 %. These three areas use by far the highest number of animals (8.7 million in 2011) for scientific purposes in the EU (Daneshian et al, 2015). Information and results generated from biological studies of a fundamental nature using animals are the groundwork for new medicine development in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries.…”

Section: The Prediction Dilemma Of Substance Testing Using Laboratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology-inspired microphysiological system approaches to solve the prediction dilemma of substance testing

Marx¹,

Andersson

Bahinski

et al. 2016

ALTEX

193

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The recent advent of microphysiological systems – microfluidic biomimetic devices that aspire to emulate the biology of human tissues, organs and circulation in vitro – is envisaged to enable a global paradigm shift in drug development. An extraordinary US governmental initiative and various dedicated research programs in Europe and Asia have led recently to the first cutting-edge achievements of human single-organ and multi-organ engineering based on microphysiological systems. The expectation is that test systems established on this basis would model various disease stages, and predict toxicity, immunogenicity, ADME profiles and treatment efficacy prior to clinical testing. Consequently, this technology could significantly affect the way drug substances are developed in the future. Furthermore, microphysiological system-based assays may revolutionize our current global programs of prioritization of hazard characterization for any new substances to be used, for example, in agriculture, food, ecosystems or cosmetics, thus, replacing laboratory animal models used currently. Thirty-five experts from academia, industry and regulatory bodies present here the results of an intensive workshop (held in June 2015, Berlin, Germany). They review the status quo of microphysiological systems available today against industry needs, and assess the broad variety of approaches with fit-for-purpose potential in the drug development cycle. Feasible technical solutions to reach the next levels of human biology in vitro are proposed. Furthermore, key organ-on-a-chip case studies, as well as various national and international programs are highlighted. Finally, a roadmap into the future is outlined, to allow for more predictive and regulatory-accepted substance testing on a global scale.

show abstract

“…The use of animals in research, particularly for detection of drug‐induced toxicity, is an issue of current concern, and many efforts are done to reduce such numbers . As such, the use of alternative methods to animal research is encouraged via diverse initiatives within the EU such as safety evaluation ultimately replacing animal testing (SEURAT, ) or EUToxRisk among others.…”

Section: Toxicity Assessment Of New Drug Candidates and The Need For mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Usefulness of Sperm Kinematics in Drug‐Induced Toxicity Assessment

Vicente-Carrillo¹

2018

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In vitro drug-induced toxicity assessment demands the usability and validation of suitable cell models, obtained non-invasively and pain-free. Sperm suspensions, painlessly and easily obtained from breeding boars, have been proven as suitable biosensors for pre-clinical toxicology screening and ranking of lead compounds in the drug development processes on a kinematics-based assay. Having a limited number of mitochondria and depending on these mitochondria and on cytoplasmic glycolysis for the energy needed for motility and for plasma membrane functionality, spermatozoa become a suitable model for capturing multiple modes of action of drugs and other chemicals acting via measurements of sperm motility. In this MiniReview, the usability of boar spermatozoa as detectors of cytotoxicity based on sperm motility measurements is discussed.

show abstract

Animal use for science in Europe

Cited by 41 publications

References 97 publications

iNOS‐inhibitor driven neuroprotection in a porcine retina organ culture model

iNOS‐inhibitor driven neuroprotection in a porcine retina organ culture model

Biology-inspired microphysiological system approaches to solve the prediction dilemma of substance testing

The Usefulness of Sperm Kinematics in Drug‐Induced Toxicity Assessment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About