1981
DOI: 10.1145/965161.806812
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Animating facial expressions

Abstract: Recognition and simulation of actions performable on rigidly-jointed actors such as human bodies have been the subject of our research for some time. One part of an ongoing effort towards a total human movement simulator is to develop a system to perform the actions of American Sign Language (ASL). However, one of the “channels” of ASL communication, the face, presents problems which are not well handled by a rigid model. An integrated system for an internal representation and simulation of the face … Show more

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Cited by 251 publications
(105 citation statements)
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“…We use a face model which is an elaboration of the facial mesh developed by Platt and Badler [27]. We extend this into a topologically invariant physics-based model by adding anatomically-based muscles to it [11].…”
Section: Facial Modelingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We use a face model which is an elaboration of the facial mesh developed by Platt and Badler [27]. We extend this into a topologically invariant physics-based model by adding anatomically-based muscles to it [11].…”
Section: Facial Modelingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Platt and Badler [18] pioneered muscle-based model since 1980s. They proposed a mass-spring model to connect the skin, muscle and bone nodes.…”
Section: Muscle-based Modellingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the early work of soft tissue simulation, static solutions of deformation were sought considering the balance of force at given external conditions, without taking into account the dynamic effects in the temporal domain [2]. Since the pioneering work by Terzopoulos et al in the simulation of elastically deformable models [3], simulating the dynamics of soft tissue deformation in the temporal domain has become widely recognized for achieving physically correct and visually realistic simulations [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%