Animosity and Tourism: Resident Perspectives

Farmaki, Anna

doi:10.1177/00472875221146784

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Scholars contended that consumer animosity arose from hatred or social, economic or political competition (Ali, 2021; Leonidou et al , 2019; Suhud and Allan, 2021). There is a dearth of research on consumer animosity in a country-specific context (Farmaki, 2023; Koh, 2014), which we studied, and our findings confirm the connection between consumers’ animosity toward Russian brands and their negative attitude. This supports the findings of Han et al (2021), who found that consumer animosity has a negative effect on brand attitude.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This study contributes to the theory of international business in the following ways: First, this study expands on recent work that examined the residents perceived animosity toward Russian tourists (Farmaki, 2023). Although a few studies examined the effects of animosity on product judgment and attitude toward products (Westjohn et al , 2021; Zdravkovic et al , 2021), our findings confirmed that European customers’ have animosity toward Russian brands due to anger and hate, which resulted in the Russia–Ukraine war.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Since Russia violated international peace laws by invading, numerous countries sanctioned its government, people and businesses (Goldenberg, 2022). More recently, Farmaki (2023) highlighted that the Russia-Ukraine conflict and sanctions cause intense animosity against Russian tourists when they travel abroad. Due to these issues, European countries are developing international strategies for the social, economic and political repercussions of Russia, notably the German Eastern policy (Ostpolitik), which also addresses Russia's current situation (Luo and Van Assche, 2023;Umland, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Western brands like Apple, IKEA and McDonald’s suspended operations in Russia, and the European Union and USA closed Russian airspace to airplanes (Farmaki, 2023; Luo and Van Assche, 2023), emphasizing that Russia’s decision isolated and tarnished its political and economic image. International support for Ukraine surged rapidly due to Russian actions, and animosity toward Russia reached new heights.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical perspective on consumer animosity amid Russia-Ukraine war

Akhtar,

Khan,

Siddiqi

et al. 2023

CPOIB

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Purpose Consumer animosity in the wake of Russia–Ukraine war has gained significance in consumer behavior research. In this line, this study aims to examine the critical influence of consumer animosity in developing brand attitude and its ensuing outcomes – brand boycott behavior and brand-country image – the moderating role of perceived intrusiveness on the relationship between consumer animosity and brand attitude and the moderating role of altruism between brand attitude and behavioral outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Using the data obtained from 411 European consumers, data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling to examine the proposed relationships. Findings The findings revealed a strong negative influence of consumer animosity on brand attitude, which eventually leads to brand boycott behavior and a negative brand-country image. This work also confirmed the boundary condition of perceived intrusiveness on the effect of consumers’ animosity on brand attitude. Furthermore, the authors validated the moderating effects of altruistic behavior on the relationships between brand attitude and boycott behavior and brand-country image. Research limitations/implications This study offers theoretical, practical and policy implications in international marketing domain. The authors acknowledged a few shortcomings and made some recommendations for future research. Originality/value In the context of the Russian–Ukraine war, this study creates a novel conceptual framework based on consumer animosity. In the current scenario, provide critical perspective on how European customers’ animosity to Russian brands develops their adverse attitudes. This study also highlighted the alternatives to Russian brands when they were boycotted during the Russia–Ukraine war.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Critical perspective on consumer animosity amid Russia-Ukraine war

Akhtar,

Khan,

Siddiqi

et al. 2023

CPOIB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Unfavorable perceptions and media portrayal of a country's political situation or security threats can have a long-lasting impact on its image. Rebuilding trust and reestablishing a positive reputation may take considerable effort and time, further affecting tourism and economic growth (Avraham, 2015;Farmaki, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empiric on geopolitical risk and the tourism–economic growth nexus

Kyaw,

Luo,

De Vita

2023

JES

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Purpose This study empirically examines the moderating role of geopolitical risk on the tourism–economic growth nexus by applying a recent geopolitical risk indicator developed by Caldara and Iacoviello (2022) in a cross-country panel data growth model context for a sample of 24 countries.Design/methodology/approach A Dummy Variable Least Squares panel data model, nonparametric covariance matrix estimator and SYS-GMM estimation techniques are employed for the analysis. The authors capture the GPR moderating effect by disaggregating the cross-country sample according to low versus high country GPR score and through a GPR interaction coefficient. Several controls are included in the models such as gross fixed capital formation and—consistent with Barro (1990)—government consumption. Trade openness is used to account for the export-led growth effect. In line with neoclassical growth theory (e.g. Barro, 1991), the authors also include the real interest rate, to account for policy makers' commitment to macroeconomic stability, financial depth, as a proxy for financial development, population growth and the level of secondary school education. The authors also control for unobserved country-specific and time-invariant effects.Findings The research finds that the interaction term of geopolitical risk significantly contributes to the predictive ability of the regression and provides empirical evidence that confirms that only in low geopolitical risk countries international tourism positively and significantly contributes to economic growth. Important theoretical and policy implications flow from these findings.Originality/value The study not only contributes to advancing academic knowledge on the tourism–growth nexus, it also has impact beyond academia. Many countries have in the past pursued and many continue to pursue, tourism specialization and/or tourism-led growth strategies based on the theoretically well-established and empirically validated positive link between inbound tourism and economic growth. The findings alert policy makers in such countries to the significant moderating role that geopolitical risk plays in affecting the above-mentioned relationship and to the importance of prioritizing geopolitical stability as a policy precursor for the successful implementation of such strategies.

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