Anion-exchange membranes for direct methanol alkaline fuel cells

Wang, Feifan; Fu, Bing

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819158-3.00004-5

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Cast and cure crosslinking via terminal end group metathesis has also been implemented in AAEM synthesis. 174 Li et al, performed ring closing metathesis of a pendant sterically-protected charged imidazolium group 2-mesityl-4,5-diphenyl-1nonene-imidazole (19). 175 Hickner et al, investigated the ROMP-crosslinking of a RAFT-derived polystyrene containing 1-(but-3-enyl)-4-vinylbenzene (20) using a 2 nd generation Grubb's catalyst and showed the order of quaternization, i.e.…”

Section: Olefin Metathesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 As a consequence, industrial-scale alkaline water electrolyzers have low operational capacity and slow response times. AEMWEs can be packaged in compact AAEMs may also play a key role in the widespread adoption of methanol fuel cells, 19 redox flow batteries, [20][21][22] and CO2 reduction reactors 23,24,25 by promising less expensive but more efficient performance. For example, oxidation kinetics in methanol fuel cells are more favorable in alkaline media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, oxidation kinetics in methanol fuel cells are more favorable in alkaline media. 19 AAEMs are being explored for redox flow batteries as a means to reduce the crossover of electroactive species and extend battery lifetimes due to the inherently more selective ion transport compared to proton exchange membrane (PEM) alternatives. 26,27 Additionally, CO2 reduction reactors in alkaline media can convert CO2 to ethylene at higher faradic efficiencies by minimizing parasitic hydrogen evolution reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning Material Properties of Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes Through Crosslinking: A Review of Synthetic Strategies and Property Relationships

Clemens

Jayathilake

Karnes

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs) are an enabling component for next generation electrochemical applications, including alkaline fuel cells, alkaline water electrolyzers, CO2 electrochemical reduction, and flow batteries. While commercial systems, notably fuel cells, have traditionally relied on proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), hydroxide-ion conducting AAEMs hold promise as a way to reduce cost-per-device by enabling the use of less expensive non-platinum group electrodes and cheaper cell components. AAEMs have undergone significant material development over the past two decades resulting in substantial improvements in hydroxide conductivity, alkaline stability, and dimensional stability. Despite these advances, challenges still remain in the areas of durability, water management, high temperature performance, and selectivity. In this review we discuss crosslinking as a synthesis tool for tuning various AAEM material properties, such as water uptake, conductivity, alkaline stability, and selectivity, and we describe synthetic strategies for incorporating crosslinks during membrane fabrication.

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Section: Olefin Metathesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning Material Properties of Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes Through Crosslinking: A Review of Synthetic Strategies and Property Relationships

Clemens

Jayathilake

Karnes

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…AAEMs may also play a key role in the widespread adoption of methanol fuel cells [ 23 ], CO 2 electrolysis [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], and redox flow batteries [ 27 , 28 , 29 ] by promising less expensive and more efficient performance. For example, oxidation kinetics in methanol fuel cells are more favorable in alkaline media [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes through Crosslinking: A Review of Synthetic Strategies and Property Relationships

et al. 2023

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Alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs) are an enabling component for next-generation electrochemical devices, including alkaline fuel cells, water and CO2 electrolyzers, and flow batteries. While commercial systems, notably fuel cells, have traditionally relied on proton-exchange membranes, hydroxide-ion conducting AAEMs hold promise as a method to reduce cost-per-device by enabling the use of non-platinum group electrodes and cell components. AAEMs have undergone significant material development over the past two decades; however, challenges remain in the areas of durability, water management, high temperature performance, and selectivity. In this review, we survey crosslinking as a tool capable of tuning AAEM properties. While crosslinking implementations vary, they generally result in reduced water uptake and increased transport selectivity and alkaline stability. We survey synthetic methodologies for incorporating crosslinks during AAEM fabrication and highlight necessary precautions for each approach.

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“…Energy-dense, easier to store, and transport energy carriers and technologies are thus also sought. One of the candidates, the low-temperature DMFC technology, relies on the use of readily available, economic, and easy-to-transport methanol, which is a high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio (4:1) energy carrier with a relatively high theoretical energy density (17.28 MJ/L) and accessibility as a biofuel. − Moreover, direct alkaline methanol fuel cells (DAMFCs) are known to profit from the faster kinetics of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), alleviated corrosion, higher stability of the electrocatalyst, and reduced methanol crossover in alkali media when compared to acidic media found in the PEM-based DMFCs. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Step Dry Synthesis of Binderless 3D Low Pt-Loading Electrocatalysts for Direct Alkaline Methanol Fuel Cell Anodes

Pajootan

Coulombe

Omanovic

2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Three-dimensional (3D) porous electrocatalysts of low platinum loading were synthesized by gas-phase pulsed laser ablation (PLA) and deposited on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) directly grown on a stainless steel mesh current collector by catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition (Pt/MWCNT/SS). The performance of the developed electrocatalysts was evaluated for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The PLA chamber pressure and ablation time were optimized to achieve the highest methanol oxidation current per Pt loading and electrochemically active surface area while maintaining structural stability. The most robust electrocatalyst, obtained with PLA at 10–5 Torr for 5 min, exhibited a 50% higher methanol oxidation current compared to the commercial Pt/C with similar Pt loading. In addition, it showed the lowest loss of active sites after stability tests while maintaining its structural integrity. Increasing the electrolyte temperature from 0 to 80 °C significantly improved the methanol oxidation current on Pt/MWCNT/SS by 13 times compared to 5.8 times for Pt/C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the faster kinetics of MOR and accelerated oxidation of adsorbed CO on the surface of the Pt/MWCNT/SS relative to the Pt/C.

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Anion-exchange membranes for direct methanol alkaline fuel cells

Cited by 4 publications

References 66 publications

Tuning Material Properties of Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes Through Crosslinking: A Review of Synthetic Strategies and Property Relationships

Tuning Material Properties of Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes Through Crosslinking: A Review of Synthetic Strategies and Property Relationships

Tuning Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes through Crosslinking: A Review of Synthetic Strategies and Property Relationships

Two-Step Dry Synthesis of Binderless 3D Low Pt-Loading Electrocatalysts for Direct Alkaline Methanol Fuel Cell Anodes

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