Anion exchange through band 3 protein in canine leishmaniasis at different stages of disease

Abstract

Band 3 protein efficiency in mediating Cl/HCO exchange through erythrocytes membrane is reduced by oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to verify whether and how anion transport through band 3 protein may be useful in monitoring canine leishmaniasis (Leishmania infantum) development, a disease associated to membrane protein degradation and oxidative stress. To accomplish this aim, serological analysis to determine IFAT (immunofluorescence antibody test) titers against leishmaniasis has been performed and 1:160 and 1:540 titers, determined at diagnosis and after 6 months, were considered for experiments. Oxidative conditions have been assessed by estimating MDA (malondialdehyde) plasma levels, intracellular GSH (reduced glutathione) content, and membrane -SH groups. Band 3 protein anion exchange capability was evaluated by measuring the rate constant for SO uptake, and its expression levels, along with those of P-Tyr (phosphorylated tyrosine), involved in pathways underlying band 3 protein function, have been also determined. Our results show that, in infected dogs with 1:160 IFAT titer, high MDA plasma levels and oxidation of -SH groups are associated to increased P-Tyr expression levels, leading to a reduction in anion exchange capability throughout 6 months of diagnosis. On the other hand, infected dogs with 1:540 IFAT titer, exhibited oxidative conditions associated to an impaired anion exchange capability at diagnosis, were ameliorated after 6 months. Such findings suggest that (1) band 3 protein-mediated anion transport is reduced by oxidative conditions associated to leishmaniasis, putatively via phosphorylative pathways; (2) band 3 protein efficiency may account for canine leishmaniasis development; and (3) the assessment of band 3 protein function may represent an additional tool for canine leishmaniasis diagnosis and monitoring of its development, with potential application to humans, either in case of leishmaniasis or other oxidative-related pathologies.

Band 3 Protein Function and Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes from Systemic Sclerosis Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease

“…The present report adds novel elements in this regard, as it has been recently demonstrated that progression of oxidative stress-related pathologies, such as canine leishmaniasis [5], may not be associated with a reduction in Band 3 protein expression levels, but still associated to a reduced anion exchange capability through this membrane protein. Therefore, measurement of the rate constant for SO 4 = uptake may be considered as a more sensitive tool to monitor SSc development, and could be added to laboratory testing currently performed in clinical practice.…”

“…The evidence that alterations in anion exchange capability through Band 3 protein may account for disease development has been recently provided [5]. The authors demonstrated that in erythrocytes collected from dogs with leishmaniasis, an oxidative stress-related disease, the rate constant for SO 4 = uptake is significantly reduced with respect to control.…”

“…In the present report phosphorylation pathways mediating Band 3 protein function [15,16] have not been considered. As a matter of fact, as oxidative conditions associated with canine leishmaniasis have been already demonstrated to alter Band 3 protein anion exchange capability via endogenous antioxidant system and phosphorylative pathways [5], an involvement of this signaling pathways in SSc development can not be excluded and may be the subject of future studies.…”

“…The role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis diseases has risen much more attention in the recent years, with specific regard to diabetes [1], aged-related pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases [2][3][4] and, most recently, canine leishmaniasis [5]. Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), an autoimmune connective tissue disorder, has been chosen as subject of the present report.…”

Natural Antioxidants Beneficial Effects on Anion Exchange through Band 3 Protein in Human Erythrocytes

“…SO 4 = uptake determination has been recognized as a good tool for monitoring erythrocyte homeostasis [26]. In recent years, B3p anion exchange monitoring has been widely used to assay the effect of different experimental conditions, performed by applying oxidants and toxins in vitro [8,27], or in diseases associated with membrane protein degradation [28][29][30][31]. Consequently, this review, for the first time, collects the most recent knowledge about B3p function, taking into account that red blood cells represent a suitable cell model to evaluate cell response to oxidative conditions, due to their sensitivity to oxidation and simple metabolism, with specific regard to its anion exchange capability.…”