Anionic copolymerization of nylon 6/12: A comprehensive review

Abstract

This review aims to provide a concise insight into the rapidly growing anionic ring‐opening copolymerization of nylon 6/12 and its related structures. This study analyzes the relationship between the structures of polymerization components and the relevant properties to achieve optimum copolymerization formulation. Specific emphasis is placed on how the catalyst type and temperature influence the final copolymer structure. The present work reviews available literature about nylon 6/12 synthesis published between 1960 and 2017 and investigates structures linked to polymerization mechanisms behind them. Moreover, experimental results derived from direct/indirect identification methods of structures are presented. The crystalline morphology of different structures was also evaluated. The thermal behaviors of synthesized copolymers are explored comprehensively. Finally, mechanical properties alteration and enhanced water absorption results are reported. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1529–1543 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

EPDM‐g‐MAH toughened bio‐based polyamide 56 to prepare thermoplastic polyamide elastomer and the performance characterization

“…19 Therefore, polyamide products will undergo reinforcement modification, flameretardant modification, anti-oxidation aging, anti-static modification during use. [20][21][22] Polyamide elastomer (TPAE) can be applied in many aspects as polymer composites. It is a block copolymer thermoplastic elastomer (hereinafter referred to as TPAE).…”

Synthesis and properties of neat, hybrid, and copolymeric polyamide 12 microparticles and composites on their basis

“…Most of the commercial PA12 is produced by hydrolytic polycondensation at 260–300°C, and only a small market volume is prepared by activated anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AAROP) of laurolactam in bulk 1 . There exist steady academic and industrial interest to PA6‐PA12 copolymers obtained by both techniques 4–6 …”

Dual catalysis with an N‐heterocyclic carbene and a Lewis acid: Thermally latent precatalyst for the polymerization of ε‐caprolactam

“…Polyamides are manufactured via a step-growth polymerization from diamines and diacids, from lactams hydrolyzed with water, or via a chain growth polymerization (anionic ring-opening polymerization [AROP]) from lactams [1][2][3][4][5][6] and possess favorable mechanical and physicochemical properties. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Alternatively, cationic polymerizations can be used, too. [5][6]9 Among those polyamides that are synthesized by AROP, polyamide 6 (PA6) is the most widespread.…”

“…Activators like N-acetylazepan-2-one (N-acyl-ε-caprolactam [CLA-Ac]) or other acylated lactams, adducts of ε-CLA and (di-) isocyanates (N-substituted carbamoyl lactams) as well as initiators like sodium ε-CLA and magnesium bromideε-CLA (CLA-MgBr) have been de-scribed. [6][7][8]11,[13][14][15][16] The viscosity of CLA melts is comparable to the one of water and allows the use of thermoplastic reaction transfer molding (T-RTM) and liquid composite molding (LCM) techniques. [2][3] Particularly for LCM, a controllable latency is useful to initiate the reaction at a certain state by external stimuli.…”

“…The monomer is well‐available and synthesized via a Beckmann rearrangement from cyclohexanone. Activators like N ‐acetylazepan‐2‐one ( N ‐acyl‐ε‐caprolactam [CLA‐Ac]) or other acylated lactams, adducts of ε‐CLA and (di‐)isocyanates ( N ‐substituted carbamoyl lactams) as well as initiators like sodium ε‐CLA and magnesium bromide‐ε‐CLA (CLA‐MgBr) have been de‐scribed 6–8,11,13–16 . The viscosity of CLA melts is comparable to the one of water and allows the use of thermoplastic reaction transfer molding (T‐RTM) and liquid composite molding (LCM) techniques 2–3 .…”