Abstract. The simulation of high-speed turbulent compressible flows using a numerical method of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) combined with the Characteristic-Based Split scheme (CBS) and anisotropic mesh adaptation is presented in this work. The CBS scheme is a unified approach for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with capability of covering a wide range of flow speeds and types with good stability and accuracy compared with other numerical schemes of the same order [1]. Although LES of incompressible flows combined with the CBS scheme has already been successfully addressed, the compressible extension is not yet covered, been the main contribution of this work. The CBS scheme is employed in a Finite Element Method (FEM) context for space and time discretization using unstructured meshes with adaptation [2], allowing the representation of complex geometries with accuracy. The anisotropic mesh adaptation is performed with mesh refinement, mesh coarsening and edge swapping procedures. A compressible dynamic Smagorinsky model is employed for the compressible LES model. The developed code is used to investigate a complex turbulent transonic flow around a circular cylinder in a two-dimensional approach. Several complex flow features such as lamda-shock-waves, viscous interactions and Von Kármán vortex sheet effects are correctly captured by the mesh adaptation strategy and the computed aerodynamic coefficients are close to the experimental reported values.