Ankle and subtalar fusion utilizing a tricortical bone graft, bone stimulator, and external fixator after avascular necrosis of the talus

Limb Salvage Reconstruction of the Ankle with Fusion and Simultaneous Tibial Lengthening Using the Ilizarov/Taylor Spatial Frame

“…Large shoe lifts are difficult to manage and poorly tolerated, and compliance is low. The use of structural allografts with internal or external fixation has been advocated to reestablish length [17][18][19]. Problems with graft collapse, infection, and nonunion accompany this technique.…”

The use of external fixator for ankle and foot injuries management-a review on biomechanical perspective

“…The use of external fixator is also applicable for avascular necrosis in the talus management after the talar fracture. Janis et al [49] use Orthofix external fixator in order to treat avascular necrosis of the talus and the results were good in maintaining the alignment of the ankle joint.…”

“…There were numerous external fixation in the market and used in clinical setting including uniplanar, multiplanar, articulated or hinged, hybrid and Ilizarov frame [4,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. For the uniplanar external fixator, this only involves one or two rods that constructed with some number of clamps and pins.…”

Tibio-calcaneo-naviculo-cuboidale arthrodesis: 6 patients followed for 1-8 years

“…If there is deformity, necrosis, sclerosis, osteitis, sequestration, etc., the outcome with standard fusion procedures becomes unfavorable (Moore et al 1995, Janis et al 1996. With chronic osteomyelitis of the talus, the likelihood of healing is minimal (Müller 1978a).…”