2017
DOI: 10.1002/dev.21594
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Ankle muscle tenotomy does not alter ankle flexor muscle recruitment bias during locomotor‐related repetitive limb movement in late‐stage chick embryos

Abstract: In ovo, late-stage chick embryos repetitively step spontaneously, a locomotor-related behavior also identified as repetitive limb movement (RLM). During RLMs, there is a flexor bias in recruitment and drive of leg muscle activity. The flexor biased activity occurs as embryos assume an extremely flexed posture in a spatially restrictive environment 2-3 days before hatching. We hypothesized that muscle afferent feedback under normal mechanical constraint is a significant input to the flexor bias observed during … Show more

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Cited by 2 publications
(1 citation statement)
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References 71 publications
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“…A counterpoint can be found in the fact that an embryo confined in ovo has a quite restricted space in which to move (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951), resulting in a restricted posture of the embryo during development (Bradley et al, 2014). Such restrictions might have some influence on the outcome of development (Bradley et al, 2014), but the end result is still very much functional (Sun et al, 2018). Such restrictions do not negate that the outcome requires extensive learning, rather that the sensitivity to posture and movement may be somewhat different in these species.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A counterpoint can be found in the fact that an embryo confined in ovo has a quite restricted space in which to move (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951), resulting in a restricted posture of the embryo during development (Bradley et al, 2014). Such restrictions might have some influence on the outcome of development (Bradley et al, 2014), but the end result is still very much functional (Sun et al, 2018). Such restrictions do not negate that the outcome requires extensive learning, rather that the sensitivity to posture and movement may be somewhat different in these species.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%