Ankle stiffness and tissue compliance in stroke survivors: A validation of Myotonometer measurements11No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

Rydahl, Sarah J.; Brouwer, Brenda

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.026

Cited by 74 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…4,10 Goe et al found increases in resistance to passive motion about the ankle in the paretic limb of stroke survivors when compared to the non-paretic ankle and those of normal controls, though failed to find similar changes in the upper limb. 3,7,24,25 Elevated passive muscle-tendon and joint stiffness are frequently seen at the ankle after stroke, 9,27,28,44 often accompanied by variable changes in active stiffness, 4,6–16 further highlighting the need for creative and sensitive techniques that distinguishes them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of Passive Muscle Stiffness in Chronic Stroke

Eby

Zhao

Song

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physical Medicine &Amp; Rehabilitation

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Objective Evaluate the potential for shear wave elastography (SWE) to measure passive biceps brachii individual muscle stiffness as a musculoskeletal manifestation of chronic stroke. Design Cross-sectional study. We evaluated nine subjects with stroke using the Fugl-Meyer and Modified Ashworth scales. We obtained electromyography, joint torque, and SWE of the biceps brachii during passive elbow extension in subjects with stroke and four controls. We selected torque values at the time points corresponding to each SWE measurement during all trials for direct comparison with the respective SWE stiffness using regression analysis. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC(1,1)) to evaluate the reliability of expressing alterations in material properties. Results Torque and passive stiffness increased with elbow extension – minimally for the controls, and most pronounced in the contralateral limb of those with stroke. In the stroke group, we identified several patterns of shear moduli and torque responses to passive elbow extension, with a subset of several subjects displaying a very strong torque response coupled with minimal stiffness responses (y=2.712x+6.676; R2=0.181; p=0.0310.). ICC(1,1) values indicate consistent muscle stiffness throughout testing for the dominant side of controls, but largely inconsistent stiffness for other study conditions. Conclusions SWE shows promise for enhancing evaluation of skeletal muscle following stroke. The wide variability between subjects with stroke highlights the need for precise, individualized measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of Passive Muscle Stiffness in Chronic Stroke

Eby

Zhao

Song

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physical Medicine &Amp; Rehabilitation

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“…This use of Myotonometer to measure the muscle stiffness was demonstrated to be valid and reliable 19) . In the present study, a pre-to-post evaluation was performed by the same physical therapist at an office familiar to the patients.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Augmented Reality with Functional Electric Stimulation on Muscle Strength, Balance and Gait of Stroke Patients

Kim

Lee

2012

J Phys Ther Sci

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Abstract. [Purpose] This study examined the therapeutic effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) with augmented reality (AR) during treadmill gait training on the muscle strength, balance and gait of stroke patients.[Subjects] Twenty-eight subjects with chronic stroke were divided into three groups: FES with AR during treadmill gait training (AR-FES group, n=9), gait training with FES on a treadmill (FES group, n=10), treadmill group (n=9).[Methods] All these groups were given 8 weeks of gait training 3 times a week, 20 minutes per session. To identify the effect of AR-FES, muscle strength was measured with a dynamometer, and the Berg balance scale (BBS) and timed upandgo (TUG) test were also assessed.[Results] The muscle strength increased significantly in the AR-FES and FES groups. The BBS showed a significant increase in all groups but there was no difference among the three groups. The TUG also improved significantly in all groups. The AR-FES group showed a better result than the treadmill group.[Conclusion] Although more study of gait training with FES on a treadmill and gait training with AR-FES will be needed, AR-FES improved the muscle strength and gait of stroke patients. These results suggest a variety of applications in clinical trials of conservative therapeutic methods.

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“…In addition, the differences between the grades are not quantitatively equal in the MAS because of the ordinal nature of the method10. As a result, validation of the MAS shows conflicting results of interrater reliability91112.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Reliability of the Myotonometry technique has been assessed by the intra- and interrater correlations or inter-session correlations in multiple muscles or different muscle conditions16171819. Myotonometer measurements have also been compared to conventional measurements such as the MAS, surface electromyography (EMG), and muscle stiffness from the stretch techniques61220.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stretch technique measures the changes in resistance torque during repeated joint rotations controlled by a servomotor351221. By stretching the joint at a constant velocity while muscles were relaxed or voluntarily contracted with the delivery of electrical stimulations, it is possible to identify both the intrinsic and reflex components from the mechanical responses1222.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessing muscle spasticity with Myotonometric and passive stretch measurements: validity of the Myotonometer

Shin

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Spasticity of the biceps brachii muscle was assessed using the modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Myotonometry and repeated passive stretch techniques, respectively. Fourteen subjects with chronic hemiplegia participated in the study. Spasticity was quantified by muscle displacements and compliance from the Myotonometer measurements and resistive torques from the repeated passive stretch at velocities of 5 °/s and 100 °/s, respectively. Paired t-tests indicated a significant decrease of muscle displacement and compliance in the spastic muscles as compared to the contralateral side (muscle displacement: spastic: 4.84 ± 0.33 mm, contralateral: 6.02 ± 0.49 mm, p = 0.038; compliance: spastic: 1.79 ± 0.12 mm/N, contralateral: 2.21 ± 0.18 mm/kg, p = 0.048). In addition, passive stretch tests indicated a significant increase of total torque at the velocity of 100 °/s compared with that of 5 °/s (Tt5 = 2.82 ± 0.41 Nm, Tt100 = 6.28 ± 1.01 Nm, p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed significant negative relationships between the stretch test and the Myotonometer measurements (r < −0.5, p < 0.05). Findings of this study provided validation of the Myotonometry technique and its high sensitivity in examination of spasticity in stroke.

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Cited by 74 publications

References 28 publications

Quantitative Evaluation of Passive Muscle Stiffness in Chronic Stroke

Quantitative Evaluation of Passive Muscle Stiffness in Chronic Stroke

Effects of Augmented Reality with Functional Electric Stimulation on Muscle Strength, Balance and Gait of Stroke Patients

Assessing muscle spasticity with Myotonometric and passive stretch measurements: validity of the Myotonometer

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