Ankyrin‐like proteins of variola and vaccinia viruses

Щелкунов, С. Н.; Блинов, В. М.; Sandakhchiev, L. S.

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)80059-4

Cited by 46 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These deletions occur in a region that, in VACV-COP, codes for several genes related to immune evasion, especially ORFs C21L to C17L that are the same as B23R to B27R and B16R . The proteins produced from ORFs C21L to C17L (in the left ITR) and B23R to B27R (in the right ITR) belong to the family of ankyrin-containing motif proteins, which includes eukaryotic proteins that regulate the complement system [53]. These proteins in OPXV also inhibit the alternative and classical pathways of complement activation, and contribute to virulence in the rabbit model of infection [2].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serro 2 Virus Highlights the Fundamental Genomic and Biological Features of a Natural Vaccinia Virus Infecting Humans

Trindade

Emerson

Sammons

et al. 2016

Viruses

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Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been implicated in infections of dairy cattle and humans, and outbreaks have substantially impacted local economies and public health in Brazil. During a 2005 outbreak, a VACV strain designated Serro 2 virus (S2V) was collected from a 30-year old male milker. Our aim was to phenotypically and genetically characterize this VACV Brazilian isolate. S2V produced small round plaques without associated comets when grown in BSC40 cells. Furthermore, S2V was less virulent than the prototype strain VACV-Western Reserve (WR) in a murine model of intradermal infection, producing a tiny lesion with virtually no surrounding inflammation. The genome of S2V was sequenced by primer walking. The coding region spans 184,572 bp and contains 211 predicted genes. Mutations in envelope genes specifically associated with small plaque phenotypes were not found in S2V; however, other alterations in amino acid sequences within these genes were identified. In addition, some immunomodulatory genes were truncated in S2V. Phylogenetic analysis using immune regulatory-related genes, besides the hemagglutinin gene, segregated the Brazilian viruses into two clusters, grouping the S2V into Brazilian VACV group 1. S2V is the first naturally-circulating human-associated VACV, with a low passage history, to be extensively genetically and phenotypically characterized.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serro 2 Virus Highlights the Fundamental Genomic and Biological Features of a Natural Vaccinia Virus Infecting Humans

Trindade

Emerson

Sammons

et al. 2016

Viruses

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“…The M150R product contains up to nine potential ANK repeats, although previous reports had predicted only five of them (4). M150R has homologs in orthopoxviruses, such as vaccinia, cowpox, and variola viruses (25,26). For these viruses, as well as for MV, predictions suggested that the protein is cytoplasmic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Virulence Factor of Myxoma Virus Colocalizes with NF-κB in the Nucleus and Interferes with Inflammation

Camus-Bouclainville

Fiette

Bouchiha

et al. 2004

J Virol

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NF-B is one of the most important elements that coordinate stress-induced, immune, and inflammatory responses. Myxoma virus, a member of the Poxviridae family responsible for rabbit myxomatosis, codes for several factors that help its survival in the host. In this study, we focused on the product of the M150R gene. We show that the protein has nine ankyrin repeats (ANKs), with the eighth having a close similarity with the nuclear localization signal-containing ANK of I-B␣, which regulates NF-B activity by sequestering it in the cytosol. Because the viral protein is targeted to the nucleus, it was named MNF, for myxoma nuclear factor. This localization was lost when the eighth ANK was removed. In tumor necrosis factor alpha-treated cells, MNF and NF-B colocalized as dotted spots in the nucleus. In vivo experiments with a knockout virus showed that MNF is a critical virulence factor, with its deletion generating an almost apathogenic virus. Detailed histological examinations revealed an increase in the inflammatory process in the absence of MNF, consistent with the interference of MNF with the NF-B-induced proinflammatory pathway. Because MNF has homologs in other poxviruses, such as vaccinia, cowpox, and variola viruses, this protein is probably part of a key mechanism that contributes to the immunogenic and pathogenic properties of these viruses.

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“…Inhibitory roles in ubiquitination pathways are also possible (Mercer et al, 2005;Sonnberg et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2009). Other poxvirus ANK/F-box proteins have been shown to inhibit virus-induced apoptosis (Ink et al, 1995;Mossman et al, 1996) and to influence virus virulence (Mossman et al, 1996;Wang et al, 2006), hostrange and tissue tropism (Shchelkunov et al, 1993;Ink et al, 1995;Johnston et al, 2005). Whether the PPV ANK/Fbox proteins have any of these functions is yet to be determined.…”

Section: Hautaniemi and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of pseudocowpoxvirus: comparison of a reindeer isolate and a reference strain

Hautaniemi

Ueda

Tuimala

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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Parapoxviruses (PPV), of the family Poxviridae, cause a pustular cutaneous disease in sheep and goats (orf virus, ORFV) and cattle (pseudocowpoxvirus, PCPV and bovine papular stomatitis virus, BPSV). Here, we present the first genomic sequence of a reference strain of PCPV (VR634) along with the genomic sequence of a PPV (F00.120R) isolated in Finland from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). The F00.120R and VR634 genomes are 135 and 145 kb in length and contain 131 and 134 putative genes, respectively, with their genome organization being similar to that of other PPVs. The predicted proteins of F00.120R and VR634 have an average amino acid sequence identity of over 95 %, whereas they share only 88 and 73 % amino acid identity with the ORFV and BPSV proteomes, respectively. The most notable differences were found near the genome termini. F00.120R lacks six and VR634 lacks three genes seen near the right terminus of other PPVs. Four genes at the left end of F00.120R and one in the middle of both genomes appear to be fragmented paralogues of other genes within the genome. VR634 has larger than expected inverted terminal repeats possibly as a result of genomic rearrangements. The high G+C content (64 %) of these two viruses along with amino acid sequence comparisons and whole genome phylogenetic analyses confirm the classification of PCPV as a separate species within the genus Parapoxvirus and verify that the virus responsible for an outbreak of contagious stomatitis in reindeer over the winter of 1999-2000 can be classified as PCPV.

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Ankyrin‐like proteins of variola and vaccinia viruses

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Serro 2 Virus Highlights the Fundamental Genomic and Biological Features of a Natural Vaccinia Virus Infecting Humans

Serro 2 Virus Highlights the Fundamental Genomic and Biological Features of a Natural Vaccinia Virus Infecting Humans

A Virulence Factor of Myxoma Virus Colocalizes with NF-κB in the Nucleus and Interferes with Inflammation

The genome of pseudocowpoxvirus: comparison of a reindeer isolate and a reference strain

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