Annealing effect on the mechanical properties of ultrafine WC–Co materials

Yuan, Yigao; Fu, Lanping; Li, Jianpeng

doi:10.1016/j.jart.2017.03.005

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Modern industrial technology development has put higher requirements on highspeed and precision machining [6]. Therefore, high demands are placed on WC-Co cemented carbide's hardness, strength, and fracture toughness to maintain the tools' manufacturing quality and efficiency [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Properties of Fine-Grained WC-10Co-0.5Cr3C2-1TaC-0.5Ru Prepared by Rolling Ball Milling and Low-Pressure Sintering

Huang,

Xiong,

Qin

et al. 2023

Metals

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This study focuses on the preparation of fine-grained WC/Co composite powder using rolling ball milling and spray drying techniques. The cemented carbide composition achieved through low-pressure sintering technology was WC-10Co-0.5Cr3C2-1TaC-0.5Ru (wt.%). To study the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-10 wt.% cemented carbide, the microstructure and phase constituents of the material were analyzed using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the physical and mechanical properties of the material were examined. The results indicate that as the sintering temperature increased from 1390 °C to 1450 °C, the grain size of WC in the alloy increased, resulting in a slight decrease in hardness, an increase in fracture toughness, and the transverse fracture strength increasing first and then decreasing. The sintered hard alloy prepared at 1410 °C exhibited fewer pores and a uniform and fine grain size, reaching a density of 99.98%, a hardness of 91.8 HRA, a fracture strength of 3962 MPa, and a fracture toughness of 14.7 MPa⋅m1/2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Properties of Fine-Grained WC-10Co-0.5Cr3C2-1TaC-0.5Ru Prepared by Rolling Ball Milling and Low-Pressure Sintering

Huang,

Xiong,

Qin

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…Considering the substantial difference in the cooling speed adopted in this work with respect to classical annealing, the mean Vickers macrohardness values of heat-treated samples are different from those previously reported for annealing treatments carried out in the same range of temperatures [54,55]. According to the literature, the annealing treatments for WC-Co cermets are usually performed for 180 min and temperatures within the range of 500-600 • C [6,56]. The same treatment performed at 700 • C showed a drop in hardness independently of the dwelling times [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Post-Fabrication Heat Treatments on the Microstructure of WC-12Co Direct Energy Depositions

Morales,

Fortini,

Soffritti

et al. 2023

Coatings

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Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) is an additive manufacturing technique that has lately been employed to deposit coatings of cemented carbides, such as WC-Co. During deposition, complex microstructural phenomena usually occur, strongly affecting the microstructural and mechanical behavior of the coatings. Post-fabrication heat treatments (PFHTs) may be applied to homogenize and strengthen the microstructure; nevertheless, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, just a few papers deepened the effect of these treatments on cemented carbides fabricated by additive manufacturing. This work evaluates the influence of four PFHTs on the microstructural evolution and hardness of L-DED WC-12Co. For each treatment, different combinations of solubilization time and temperature (between 30 and 180 min and from 400 °C to 700 °C, respectively) were adopted. The microstructure was investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, whereas the mechanical properties were determined by Vickers hardness measurements. Based on the results, high microstructural heterogeneity in terms of WC particles, η-phase structures, and Co distribution was observed in the sample in the as-built condition. Some cracking defects were also observed in the samples, irrespective of the heat treatment conditions. Finally, a finer microstructure and a lower amount of brittle ternary η-phase, together with an increase in hardness (1030 ± 95 HV10), were found for the highest dwelling times (180 min) and for solubilization temperatures in the range of 500–600 °C.

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“…Na tabela 5 são mostrados os parâmetros de rede e índices de refinamento do pó de Co. Em acordo com a base de dados Crystmet, foram identificadas duas fases para o Co em pó, cúbica de face centrada (cfc) e hexagonais compacta (hc). A rede cristalina hc possui valores de células unitária a= 2,5071 Å, b= 2,5071 Å e c= 4,0695 Å [17,25] e cfc possui os valores de célula unitária a=b=c= 3,5447 Å [26,27,29]. Os resultados do Método de Rietveld apresentados na Tabela 5, mostra os valores dos parâmetros da rede cristalina hc e cfc para o Co e sua proximidade com os valores encontrados na literatura, provando assim a qualidade do refinamento.…”

Section: Método De Rietveldunclassified

Caracterização da matéria-prima com tamanho de partículas nanométricas utilizadas no processamento do compósito WC-10%Co

Batista¹,

Aguiar

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Matéria (Rio J.)

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RESUMO O compósito WC-10%Co também conhecido como Metal Duro de Carbeto de Tungstênico (WC) com Cobalto (Co) é um dos materiais mais produzidas pela indústria fabricante de metal duro, entretanto busca-se o melhor entendimento sobre o efeito de parâmetros de processo sobre as suas características estruturais, especialmente no que diz respeito à formação de fases metaestáveis – fases η. Neste trabalho, usamos o método de Rietveld aliado a difração de raios X (DRX), a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e o Brunauer – Emmett – Teller (BET) para investigar a estrutura das matérias-primas utilizadas na produção de metal duro. Os tamanhos das partículas assim como as morfologias identificadas para os pós de WC e Co são reflexos do seu processo de fabricação que, introduzem tensões residuais para o pó de WC, a baixa cristalinidade e significante parcela de amorfo para o pó de Co. Estas características foram identificadas com a difração de raios X em comparação com o padrão de difração obtido e os bancos de dados cristalográficos. Após o processo de mistura dos pós foram quantificadas as fases e identificados os efeitos desse processo sobre as células unitárias de cada fase. Este trabalho mostra que a rota de caracterização empregada, com o uso do método de Rietveld, é eficiente para analisar a estrutura desses materiais durante seu processamento. Foi possível observar que o processo de mistura utilizando equipamento de moagem de alta energia promove alteração na densidade das células unitárias do WC “empurrando” átomos de Co para dentro de sua estrutura. Isso pode vir a acelerar o processo de dissolução de grande parte das partículas de WC durante a sinterização, contribuindo para a formação acentuada das fases metaestáveis eta – η, prejudicando o equilíbrio entre as propriedades mecânicas de dureza e tenacidade à fratura tornando a ferramenta ou peça muito dura e pouco tenaz.

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Annealing effect on the mechanical properties of ultrafine WC–Co materials

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Microstructure and Properties of Fine-Grained WC-10Co-0.5Cr3C2-1TaC-0.5Ru Prepared by Rolling Ball Milling and Low-Pressure Sintering

Microstructure and Properties of Fine-Grained WC-10Co-0.5Cr3C2-1TaC-0.5Ru Prepared by Rolling Ball Milling and Low-Pressure Sintering

Effect of Post-Fabrication Heat Treatments on the Microstructure of WC-12Co Direct Energy Depositions

Caracterização da matéria-prima com tamanho de partículas nanométricas utilizadas no processamento do compósito WC-10%Co

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