Annealing studies on CBD grown CdS thin films

Metin, H.; Esen, Ramazan

doi:10.1016/s0022-0248(03)01518-5

Cited by 129 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The as-deposited and annealed CdS films at low temperature (T < 623 K) exist in two crystalline phases: cubic (C) phase (zinc blende-type, JCPDS 06-0314) and hexagonal (H) phase (wurtize-type, JCPDS 10-0454), in line with the literature. 8,15,16,24,[32][33][34][35] Annealing leads to an overall improvement in the intensity of the peak heights, indicating that increasing annealing temperature increase the crystallinity of the film. By increasing the annealing temperature, the hexagonal phase becomes dominant and finally at T = 823 K the structure becomes 100% hexagonal phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of annealing temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of CdS films

et al. 2010

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Cadmium sulfide (CdS) photocatalyst films were grown on glass by chemical bath deposition (pH 9.4, 70 C) and then annealed in nitrogen from 423 K to 823 K in steps of 100 K. The XRD crystallite size increases in a sigmoidal manner from 60 nm to 100 nm while the optical band gap energy decreases from 2.42 eV to 2.28 eV. This trend is paralleled by the decreasing Urbach energy, but only up to 623 K, where it increases again. This is the temperature where the Cd effectively surpasses the phase transformation from cubic to hexagonal, and the activation energy for electronic transport drops by a factor of nearly two.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of annealing temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of CdS films

et al. 2010

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“…Some authors associate the yellow luminescence peak observed at 2.11 eV, 43,47 those between 2.04-2.11 eV, 44 and the green band at 2.20 eV with the formation of deep donor levels formed by Cd i states. 39,43 CdS layer grown by CBD typically appears amorphous in a metastable cubic crystal structure 41 and in a mixed cubic and hexagonal structure 48 depending on processing parameters. These films transform due to annealing in a temperature range of 240-300°C into a stable hexagonal structure of CdS.…”

Section: -6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These films transform due to annealing in a temperature range of 240-300°C into a stable hexagonal structure of CdS. 41,48 Phase transformation is accompanied by rearrangement of native defects as well as by formation of defect complexes such as…”

Section: -6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoluminescence study of polycrystalline photovoltaic CdS thin film layers grown by close-spaced sublimation and chemical bath deposition

Abken

Halliday

Durose

2009

Journal of Applied Physics

124

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Photoluminescence ͑PL͒ measurements were used to study the effect of postdeposition treatments by annealing and CdCl 2 activation on polycrystalline CdS layer grown by close-spaced sublimation ͑CSS͒ and chemical bath deposition ͑CBD͒. CdS films were either annealed in a temperature range of 200-600°C or CdCl 2 treated between 300-550°C. The development of "red," "intermediate orange," "yellow," and "green" luminescence bands is discussed in comparison with PL assignments found in literature. PL spectra from CdS layer grown by CSS are dominated by the yellow band with transitions at 2.08 and 1.96 eV involving ͑Cd i -A͒, ͑V S -A͒ complex states where A represents an acceptor. Green luminescence bands are observed at 2.429 and 2.393 eV at higher annealing temperature of 500-600°C or CdCl 2 treatment above 450°C, and these peaks are associated with zero and a longitudinal optical phonon replica of "free-to-bound" transitions. As grown CBD-CdS films show a prominent red band with four main peaks located at 1.43, 1.54, 1.65, and 1.77 eV, believed to be phonon replicas coupled with local vibrational modes. This remains following postdeposition treatment. The red luminescence is associated with V S surface states and in the case of CdCl 2 treatment with ͑V Cd -Cl S ͒ centers. Postdeposition treatments of CBD and CdS promote the evolution of an intermediate orange band at 2.00 eV, most likely a donor-acceptor pair, and a yellow band at 2.12 eV correlated with ͑Cd i -V Cd ͒ centers. The green luminescence bands observed at 2.25 and 2.34 eV are associated with transitions from deep donor states ͑e.g., Cd i ͒ to the valence band. These states form due to crystallinity enhancement and lattice conversion during annealing or CdCl 2 activation. Observed changes in PL bands provide detailed information about changes in radiative recombination centers in CdS layer, which are suggested to occur during device processing of CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells.

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“…The linear I-V conductivities of the film and film to substrate (Figures 8c and d, Supplementary Figure S23) illustrate the orient-attached continuous single-crystallization between domains and uniform packing of as-prepared nanosheets, which is necessary for efficient electron transport. Compared with CQD films formed by as-obtained colloidal CQDs (Supplementary Figures S16 A, C and S24) and reported nanoparticle films prepared by chemical bath deposition, 51,52 the smaller resistivities of these nanosheet assembled films (see detailed analysis in S-25) indicate the synergetic effect of the good contact between the nanosheet and the substrate, the close contact of nanosheets, the absence of organic ligands between the nanosheets and the quantum size effect arising from small but continuous single-crystalline domains in nanosheets (see also quantum size effect on efficient charge carrier transfer/transport analysis in S-26). Although there are still many gaps between the nanosheets, their hierarchical overlap stacking and inorganic cation passivation ensure efficient electron transport.…”

Section: Oriented Attachment Of Nanoparticles H Qian Et Almentioning

confidence: 96%

Oriented attachment of nanoparticles to form micrometer-sized nanosheets/nanobelts by topotactic reaction on rigid/flexible substrates with improved electronic properties

Zhao

Dai

et al. 2015

NPG Asia Mater

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We report a topotactic reaction strategy to achieve the oriented attachment (OA) of colloidal metal chalcogenide quantum dots into micrometer-sized nanosheets and nanobelts (up to 6-7 μm) on both mechanically rigid and flexible substrates. The nonstoichiometric composition, crystallization and Ag doping were controlled. The strong surface adsorption of cations and thiol ligands facilitated micrometer-scale three-dimensional OA. The cations induced the formation of electrostatic forces, cation passivation on the nanosheet surface and overlap packing of the nanosheets, enabling good contact with the substrates and improved electron transport without severe obstruction of organic insulating barriers. The observation of weak anti-localization phenomena and Hall effect sensitivity (up to 188%) of non-stoichiometric Ag 2-δ Te nanosheet films as well as the improved I-V and photoresponse properties of Ag-doped CdX nanosheet films confirm efficient electron transport. The stable I-V properties of these nanosheet films on flexible substrates, even under bending forces, testify to their potential in flexible device applications.

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Annealing studies on CBD grown CdS thin films

Cited by 129 publications

References 14 publications

The effect of annealing temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of CdS films

The effect of annealing temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of CdS films

Photoluminescence study of polycrystalline photovoltaic CdS thin film layers grown by close-spaced sublimation and chemical bath deposition

Oriented attachment of nanoparticles to form micrometer-sized nanosheets/nanobelts by topotactic reaction on rigid/flexible substrates with improved electronic properties

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