Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation “Alpi Marittime” (NW Italy)

Isaia, Marco; Paschetta, Mauro; Chiarle, Alberto

doi:10.5252/z2015n1a4

“…Given the continuity of the suitable habitats predicted by the ENM and the supposed high dispersal ability of Pimoa, we hypothesize an ongoing expansion of the populations northwards. Indeed, the occurrence of Pimoa in outer shaded and humid habitats such as beech forests and other broadleaved forests (Bertkau, 1890;Jackson, 1926;Thaler, 1976;Isaia, Paschetta & Chiarle, 2015) provides empirical evidence of the existence of epigean dispersal. Because of the sex bias among the specimens collected in superficial habitats Isaia, Paschetta & Chiarle, 2015) and the general trend observed for spiders (Foelix, 1996), gene flow appears mostly mediated by males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our second model organism, Pimoa rupicola (Simon, 1884) (Araneae, Pimoidae), is an Alpine-Apenninic element, recorded almost continuously from the Graian Alps to the Tuscan Apennines (Thaler, 1976;Hormiga, 1994;Isaia et al, 2011) and French Maritime Alps. Several authors (Brignoli, 1971(Brignoli, , 1972(Brignoli, , 1985Thaler, 1976;Arnò & Lana, 2005;Isaia et al, 2011) referred to P. rupicola as a troglophile species (sensu Sket, 2008), being abundant in subterranean habitats and occasionally recorded from surface habitats, such as leaf litter, humid rocks covered by mosses and mountain screes (Bertkau, 1890;Jackson, 1926;Thaler, 1976;Hormiga, 1994;Isaia et al, 2014;Isaia, Paschetta & Chiarle, 2015). Given the sporadic collection of individuals outside cave [mainly pitfall trap data reported in Isaia et al (2014); Isaia, Paschetta & Chiarle (2015), and additional unpublished data collected by two of us (SM and MI)], it seems likely that males and immatures of P. rupicola disperse trough the epigean environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Alpine endemic spiders shed light on the origin and evolution of subterranean species (v0.1)"

2015

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We designed a comparative study to unravel the phylogeography of two Alpine endemic spiders characterized by a different degree of adaptation to subterranean life:Troglohyphantes vignai (Araneae, Linyphiidae) and Pimoa rupicola (Araneae, Pimoidae), the latter showing minor adaptation to hypogean life. We sampled populations of the model species in caves and other subterranean habitats across their known geographical range in the Western Alps. By combining phylogeographic inferences and Ecological Niche Modeling techniques, we infer the biogeographic scenario that led to the present day population structure of the two species. According to our divergent time estimates and relative uncertainties, the isolation of T. vignai and P. rupicola from their northern sister groups was tracked back to Middle-Late Miocene. Furthermore, the fingerprint left by Pleistocene glaciations on the population structure revealed by the genetic data, led to the hypothesis that a progressive adaptation to subterranean habitats occurred in T. vignai, followed by strong population isolation. On the other hand, P. rupicola underwent a remarkable genetic bottleneck during the Pleistocene glaciations, that shaped its present population structure. It seems likely that such shallow population structure is both the result of the minor degree of specialization to hypogean life and the higher dispersal ability characterizing this species. The simultaneous study of overlapping spider species showing different levels of adaptation to hypogean life, disclosed a new way to clarify patterns of biological diversification and to understand the effects of past climatic shift on the subterranean biodiversity.PeerJ reviewing PDF | AbstractWe designed a comparative study to unravel the phylogeography of two Alpine endemic spiders characterized by a different degree of adaptation to subterranean life: Troglohyphantes vignai (Araneae, Linyphiidae) and Pimoa rupicola (Araneae, Pimoidae), the latter showing minor adaptation to hypogean life. We sampled populations of the model species in caves and other subterranean habitats across their known geographical range in the Western Alps. By combining phylogeographic inferences and Ecological Niche Modeling techniques, we infer the biogeographic scenario that led to the present day population structure of the two species. According to our divergent time estimates and relative uncertainties, the isolation of T. vignai and P. rupicola from their northern sister groups was tracked back to Middle-Late Miocene. Furthermore, the fingerprint left by Pleistocene glaciations on the population structure revealed by the genetic data, led to the hypothesis that a progressive adaptation to subterranean habitats occurred in T. vignai, followed by strong population isolation. On the other hand, P. rupicola underwent a remarkable genetic bottleneck during the Pleistocene glaciations, that shaped its present population structure. It seems likely that such shallow population structure is both the result of the minor degree of specializ...

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“…Given the continuity of the suitable habitats predicted by the ENM and the supposed high dispersal ability of Pimoa, we hypothesize an ongoing expansion of the populations northwards. Indeed, the occurrence of Pimoa in outer shaded and humid habitats such as beech forests and other broadleaved forests (Bertkau, 1890;Jackson, 1926;Thaler, 1976;Isaia, Paschetta & Chiarle, 2015) provides empirical evidence of the existence of epigean dispersal. Because of the sex bias among the specimens collected in superficial habitats (Isaia et al, 2014;Isaia, Paschetta & Chiarle, 2015) and the general trend observed for spiders (Foelix, 1996), gene flow appears mostly mediated by males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Alpine endemic spiders shed light on the origin and evolution of subterranean species (v0.1)"

2015

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We designed a comparative study to unravel the phylogeography of two Alpine endemic spiders characterized by a different degree of adaptation to subterranean life: Troglohyphantes vignai (Araneae, Linyphiidae) and Pimoa rupicola (Araneae, Pimoidae), the latter showing minor adaptation to hypogean life. We sampled populations of the model species in caves and other subterranean habitats across their known geographical range in the Western Alps. By combining phylogeographic inferences and Ecological Niche Modeling techniques, we infer the biogeographic scenario that led to the present day population structure of the two species. According to our divergent time estimates and relative uncertainties, the isolation of T. vignai and P. rupicola from their northern sister groups was tracked back to Middle-Late Miocene. Furthermore, the fingerprint left by Pleistocene glaciations on the population structure revealed by the genetic data, led to the hypothesis that a progressive adaptation to subterranean habitats occurred in T. vignai, followed by strong population isolation. On the other hand, P. rupicola underwent a remarkable genetic bottleneck during the Pleistocene glaciations, that shaped its present population structure. It seems likely that such shallow population structure is both the result of the minor degree of specialization to hypogean life and the higher dispersal ability characterizing this species. The simultaneous study of overlapping spider species showing different levels of adaptation to hypogean life, disclosed a new way to clarify patterns of biological diversification and to understand the effects of past climatic shift on the subterranean biodiversity.

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“…Accordingly, it is possible that juveniles of P. delphinica may be able to disperse trough epigean habitats under suitable climatic condition. Extra-cave dispersal was also documented for the congeneric alpine species P. graphitica and P. rupicola, as justified by occasional catches of juveniles and males in pitfall traps placed in the leaf litter of broad-leaved woods at mid-altitudes (e.g., , Isaia et al 2014, Jackson 1929, Mammola et al 2015, Mammola et al 2016b). …”

Section: Habitat (Narrative)mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Specifically, the species occurred in four small wild caves and a few subterranean military bunkers in Casteldelfino and Sant'Anna di Bellino and an abandoned house in the hamlet of Becetto (Sampeyre). Two additional localities reported in Isaia et al (2011) and Mammola et al (2016b)-Buco del Nebin 1 [Speleological Cadastre: Pi 1158] and Buco del Nebin 2 [Pi 1159] caves-are in need of verification, since only juvenile specimens were collected. However, even if confirmed, these additional localitites would fall within the known extent of occurrence of the species (cf.…”

Section: Basis (Narrative)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Species conservation profile of the stenoendemic cave spider Pimoa delphinica (Araneae, Pimoidae) from the Varaita valley (NW-Italy)

Mammola

¹

,

Hormiga

²

,

Isaia

³

2017

BDJ

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Pimoa delphinica Mammola, Hormiga & Isaia, 2016 is a troglophile araneoid spider endemic of the high Varaita valley (Western Alps, Province of Cuneo, NW Italy). In spite of relatively intense field research and examination of museum collections, the species is restricted to ten localities, thus showing a reduced extent of occurrence (EOO; 26 km ) and area of occupancy (AOO; 12 km ). Although the habitat and the subpopulations of P. delphinica are not currently threatened, the species is potentially exposed due to its extremely narrow geographic distribution range, subdivision in subpopulations and low dispersal capacity.

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Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation “Alpi Marittime” (NW Italy)

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Peer Review #2 of "Alpine endemic spiders shed light on the origin and evolution of subterranean species (v0.1)"

Peer Review #2 of "Alpine endemic spiders shed light on the origin and evolution of subterranean species (v0.1)"

Peer Review #1 of "Alpine endemic spiders shed light on the origin and evolution of subterranean species (v0.1)"

Species conservation profile of the stenoendemic cave spider Pimoa delphinica (Araneae, Pimoidae) from the Varaita valley (NW-Italy)

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