Annual Bluegrass Control in Overseeded Bermudagrass Putting Green Turf<sup>1</sup>

Bingham, S. W.; Schmidt, R. E.; Curry, C. K.

doi:10.2134/agronj1969.00021962006100060024x

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Plots treated with activated sewage sludge had sig• nificantly more annual bluegrass than those treated with NH 4 N0 3 • Competition from cool season grasses overseeded on dormant bermudagrass turf will often reduce annual bluegrass occurrence (Bingham et al, 1969). The NH 4 N0 3 treatment produced higher quality ryegrass than the activated sewage sludge treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass as Influenced by Cultural Practices¹

White¹,

Dickens²

1984

Agronomy Journal

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Excessive thatch accumulation is a serious problem in golf course putting greens and other intensively managed turfgrass areas. More effective procedues for thatch control are needed. The relationship between different cultural practices and thatch accumulation was studied on Dothan sand loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Paleudult) in an experimental putting green planted to three bermudagrasses (Cynodon dllctylon (L.) Pers. X C. transvllllknsis Burtt-Davy) cultivars Tifdwarf, Tifgreen, and a selection called Dothan. Practices evaluated included N source, core aerification, vertical mowing, and sand topdressing. A multiple split plot experimental design allowed the evaluation of each individual practice in combination with all others. Effects of treatments on thatch were determined by measuring thatch depth and the compressibility of the turf surface with a thatch compression meter. Thatch accumulation, after three seasons, increased in the order: Tifgreen, Dothan, Tifdwarf. However, the effects of treatments on thatch accumulation were similar for all cultivars. Four topdressings per year reduced thatch accumulation more than a single topdressing and increased mat depth. Neither monthly aerification nor biweekly vertical mowing provided more thatch control than twice yearly application of the respective cultural practice. Fertilization with activated sewage sludge resulted in 14% more thatch than when NH,.N0 3 was the N source. Within a given topdressing frequency, no differences in thatch accumulation occurred among N sources, levels of aerification, or vertical mowing. The regression of millimeters compressibility on thatch depth was not significant. Turf quality was not correlated with thatch depth. Tifdwarf had the greatest accumulation on thatch and also produced high turf quality ratings. Nitrogen source influenced turf quality more than other treatments. Activated sewage sludge produced superior turf quality, although more thatch was produced than when NH,.N0 3 was applied. Cultural practices had no consistent effect on establishment of 'Pennfine' perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) overseeded on the experimental green. Ammonium nitrate produced better ryegrass quality than activated sewge sludge. Plots fertilized with activated sewage sludge had significantly more annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) than those receiving NH,.N0 3 • Core aerification, topdressing, nor vertical mowing frequency affected ryegrass quality or annual bluegrass occurrence.------------------Additional index words: Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. X C. trans-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass as Influenced by Cultural Practices¹

White¹,

Dickens²

1984

Agronomy Journal

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“…The competitive influence that overseeded grasses have on Poa annua infestation has been well established (Bingham, Schmidt, and Curry, 1969). Ryegrass is more vigorous in the fall than fescue is; therefore, less Poa annua was able to develop under the ryegrass canopy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Turf Development on Dormant Bermudagrass as Influenced by Summer Cultivation and Winter N Fertilization¹

Schmidt¹,

Shoulders

1972

Agronomy Journal

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Overseeded winter turf on dormant bermudagrass is an important practice in providing live turf for a large portion of the year. It has been observed that as vigorous bermudagrass becomes older satisfactory winter turf is more difficult to establish and maintain. Previous research has shown that cultivation of bermudagrass immediately prior to overseeding cool season turfgrasses has improved winter turf. However, no work has been reported showing the effects of bermudagrass summer cultivation on overseeded winter turf quality. This investigation was initiated to study the relationship of thatch removal in the summer on winter turf quality. Thatch was removed from a 5‐year‐old putting green with a vertical mower in early, middle, and late summer and soil top dressing was applied after each aeration. N fertilizer was applied in summer, fall, and winter; P and K were maintained at high levels and the pH at 6.5. Ryegrass and red fescue were overseeded after turf mowing in October. The percent ground cover was measured in December, March, May, and June. The removal of thatch by frequent summer aeration and soil topdressing (cultivation) improved the winter quality of overseeded cool season turf. Excessive nitrogen fertilization in winter, especially on heavily thatched areas, reduced winter turf coverage. The best transition from cool season turf to bermudagrass occurred when the cool season grass persisted into the summer. The increased Poa annua infestation caused by early cultivation was reduced by more frequent cultivation.

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“…The weapons used against annual bluegrass have included herbicides, growth regulators, management practices, and natural biologic controls (Dernoeden, 2000). Annual bluegrass is a severe and troublesome weed in established turfgrass stands because it reduces aesthetic appearance by producing unsightly seedheads at mowing heights as low as 6 mm, affects ball roll as a result of its upright growth habit that produces an uneven surface, and dies out quickly as a result of summer heat stress, leaving unsightly dead and bare patches (Bingham et al, 1969;Hall and Carey, 1992).…”

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Postemergent Annual Bluegrass Control in Dormant Nonoverseeded Bermudagrass Turf

Toler¹,

Willis²,

Estes³

et al. 2007

horts

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Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) can be a troublesome weed to control in established turfgrass stands; it has developed herbicide resistance after repeated use of products with similar modes of action, and several new herbicides have been registered for use on turfgrasses. Four field studies were conducted near Clemson, S.C., from 2003 through 2005 to evaluate postemergence annual bluegrass control in dormant, nonoverseeded bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] turf using various herbicides applied in either December or February of each year and rated in the spring. Annual bluegrass control can be accomplished in dormant, nonoverseeded bermudagrass turf using a wide range of products applied in either December or February. Flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, glufosinate, glufosinate + clethodim, glufosinate + glyphosate, glyphosate + clethodim, glyphosate + diquat, pronamide, rimsulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron provided 87% or greater annual bluegrass control regardless of application timing. Imazaquin and simazine controlled annual bluegrass greater than 85% when applied in December but less than 80% when applied in February. Glyphosate provided 93% annual bluegrass control when applied in February but only 72% control with December applications. No detrimental effects on bermudagrass spring greenup were observed for any herbicide treatment or application time. The availability of several effective herbicide options with differing modes of action provides turfgrass managers with the opportunity to use herbicide rotations that may prevent, or at least delay, the development of resistant annual bluegrass populations to these chemical products.

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Annual Bluegrass Control in Overseeded Bermudagrass Putting Green Turf¹

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass as Influenced by Cultural Practices¹

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass as Influenced by Cultural Practices¹

Winter Turf Development on Dormant Bermudagrass as Influenced by Summer Cultivation and Winter N Fertilization¹

Postemergent Annual Bluegrass Control in Dormant Nonoverseeded Bermudagrass Turf

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Annual Bluegrass Control in Overseeded Bermudagrass Putting Green Turf1

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass as Influenced by Cultural Practices1

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass as Influenced by Cultural Practices1

Winter Turf Development on Dormant Bermudagrass as Influenced by Summer Cultivation and Winter N Fertilization1

Postemergent Annual Bluegrass Control in Dormant Nonoverseeded Bermudagrass Turf

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Resources

About

Annual Bluegrass Control in Overseeded Bermudagrass Putting Green Turf¹

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass as Influenced by Cultural Practices¹

Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass as Influenced by Cultural Practices¹

Winter Turf Development on Dormant Bermudagrass as Influenced by Summer Cultivation and Winter N Fertilization¹