Annual Generations and Population Fluctuation of Tomato Leaf Miner Moth Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera :Gelechiidae) in El-Behera Governorate, Egypt.

Abstract

Egypt is considered one of the important tomato producers in the world that has appropriate climate for tomato along year in three different plantation seasons viz., winter, autumn and summer. Tomato infestation with tomato leaf miners (TLM) reached 70% in El-Behera governorate in 2011. So current study aimed throw some lights on population fluctuation of TLM males along two year (2013-2014) and different seasons by using pheromone traps, in addition studying the effect of climatic factors (Maximum, minimum, mean temperature and relative humidity)on males activity. Moreover and basically estimation numbers, duration of annual generations and population density in all observed generation by applying two different mains[First main depend on Daily Degree Units and second main suggested by Audemard and Millaire (1975) and emended by Iacob (1977)] in generation estimations were also concerned. Results reflected that TL Mmale population density of LTM varied from season to another. Spring season was the highest followed by summer, but each of winter and autumn were the lowest, that there were no significant differences between the last two seasons. Effect of tested climatic factors is obvious along a year, not can be observed in specific seasons, that their combined effects responsible as a group for 34.09% and 35.76 % on population density in the both years of study, respectively. Eleven annual generations were observed along a year in both years of study, moreover times and duration of all estimated generations were paralleled in the both used mains of generation estimations. The first and eleventh generations were nearly longest but with lowest in TLM male population numbers. The Ninth generation, considered as overlapped generation between summer and autumn season. Each of spring, summer and autumn season have three generations.

Effectiveness of bio-insecticides and mass trapping based on population fluctuations for controlling Tuta absoluta under greenhouse conditions in Albania

“…With average temperatures ranging between 20 and 35 ᵒC in this season, a higher number of larvae hatch from eggs to progress to further development. These results are in agreement with those reported by Tabikha andHassan (2015) andEl Hajj et al (2017). Introduced species generally have fewer natural enemies compared with native species (Torchin and Mitchell, 2004), and recent cases of invasive pests indicate that local antagonists need time to adapt to the invader, which leads to loss of production during this period (Giorgini et al, 2018).…”

“…As a result of rising temperatures, the insect progressed faster through its biological stages because of the accumulation of degree-day values. Similar results regarding the number of generations have been reported in Lebanon and Egypt by El Hajj et al (2017) and Tabikha and Hassan (2015), who recorded shorter average generation periods (31.5 and 28.5 days/generation, respectively). This difference is possibly attributed to the warmer climate of these countries, where this pest concludes its cycle in a shorter period.…”

Studies on Population Dynamic, Biology of The Cotton Mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Its Natural Enemies as A New Insect on Okra Plant, (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) at Qena Governorate, Egypt

“…In Egypt, the aforementioned method was used to determine the number of field generations of the pink mealybug of sugar cane, Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Ebieda et al, 2020). Tabikha and Abdel-Nasser (2015) The 2 nd generation began from April, 19 to June, 7 and lasted 50 days. The 3 rd generation was observed in the field from June, 14 to July, 26 and lasted 43days.…”

Population Dynamics of the Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptra: Gelechiidae) and its Parasitoids on Tomato Crop in Beni-Suef, Egypt

“…Also, Polat et al (2016) declared that T. absoluta may accomplish 5 generations in Çanakkale province, Turkey, through summer-winter growing season. In addition, previous studies indicated that T. absulata has up to 11 generations per year with three generations during each growing season of spring, summer and autumn (Tabikha and Hassan, 2015). In another study carried out in openfield tomatoes in Assiut region (Upper Egypt), it was shown that T. absoluta can have 13 generations per year (Mohamed, 2011).…”